revision

Expressions:
- Me gusta… (I like…)
- Me gusta mucho… (I really like…)
- No me gusta… (I don't like…)
- No me gusta nada… (I don't like at all…)
Activities:
- …navegar por Internet (to surf the net)
- …chatear (to chat online)
- …escuchar msica (to listen to music)
- …jugar a los videojuegos (to play videogames)

Questions:
- Cantas karaoke? (Do you sing karaoke?)
Responses:
- Bailo (I dance)
- Toco la guitarra (I play the guitar)
- Monto en bici (I ride a bike)
- Saco fotos (I take pictures)
- Hablo con mis amigos (I talk to my friends)
- Frequency: A veces (sometimes); De vez en cuando (from time to time); Nunca (never); Todos los das (every day)

Structure:
- Qu haces cuando llueve? (What do you do when it rains?)
Activities:
- …ver la televisin (to watch TV)
- …leer (to read)
- …escribir correos (to write emails)
- …salir con mis amigos (to go out with my friends)
Opinions on activities:
- interesante (interesting), guay (cool), divertido (fun), estpido (stupid), aburrido (boring)

Question:
- Qu deportes haces? (What sports do you do?)
Sports:
- Hago artes marciales (I do martial arts)
- Hago atletismo (I do athletics)
- Hago equitacin (I go horse riding)
- Hago gimnasia (I do gymnastics)
- Hago natacin (I do swimming)
- Juego al baloncesto (I play basketball)
- Juego al ftbol (I play football)
- Juego al tenis (I play tennis)
- Juego al voleibol (I play volleyball)
Expressions of enjoyment:
- Me encanta (I love it); Me gusta muchsimo (I really, really like it)

Subject Pronouns:
- Yo (I), T (You), l/Ella (He/She), Nosotros/as (We), Vosotros/as (You all), Ellos/as (They)
Verb Conjugation Example - Hablar (to speak):
- Yo hablo (I speak)
- T hablas (You speak)
- l/Ella habla (He/She speaks)
- Nosotros/as hablamos (We speak)
- Vosotros/as hablis (You all speak)
- Ellos/as hablan (They speak)

World Energy Consumption:
- There is a massive "energy gap" where HICs (High Income Countries) consume the majority of the world's energy for industry and transport.
- Developing countries often rely on traditional biomass (wood, peat) but are increasing consumption as they industrialize.
UK Energy Mix Evolution:
- Historically dependent on coal (Industrial Revolution), but now shifting toward renewables and nuclear.
- Reasons for shift:
1. Decline of Coal: Many UK coal mines closed because they became too deep and expensive to operate.
2. Climate Targets: Legal commitment to reach "Net Zero" emissions by 2050.
3. Price Protection: Reducing reliance on expensive, price-volatile fossil fuel imports.
Key Terms:
- Renewable energies: Naturally replenished (e.g., wind, solar, biomass, tidal).
- Non-renewable energies: Finite resources that will eventually run out (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear).
- NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard): People supporting renewable energy in theory but objecting to local projects (like wind farms) due to noise or visual impact.

Renewable Energy Details:
- Solar: High potential but intermittent (does not work at night) and requires significant space.
- Wind: Very low C O_{2} footprint, but can be harmful to bird populations and unsightly to locals.
- Hydroelectric: Highly efficient and provides constant power, but requires flooding large areas of land, destroying habitats.
Non-Renewable Energy Details:
- Fossil Fuels: High energy density and easy to transport, but burning them releases C O_{2} and sulfur dioxide (acid rain).
- Nuclear: Produces no greenhouse gases during generation, but creates long-lasting radioactive waste that is difficult to store safely.
Fracking Expanded:
- Process: Hydraulic fracturing involves drilling down and injecting a high-pressure mix of water, sand, and chemicals to crack shale rock and release trapped gas.
- Pros: Increases energy security by using domestic resources; creates jobs in the engineering and construction sectors.
- Cons: Linked to minor earthquakes (seismic activity); risk of carcinogenic chemicals contaminating groundwater supplies; high water consumption during the process.