Notes:

• growth of factories created jobs and led to an increase in European immigration to the United States

• in the 1840s, millions of Irish and Germans immigrated to America

• Immigrants worked in low-paying New England factories or moved west as farmers

• Rapid immigration led to hostility and prejudice

• the Know-Nothing party was formed in the 1850s to restrict immigration and immigrant voting rights

• Rapid growth in the west

• West became the bread basket

• Henry Clay’s American system helped connect the South, North, and West

  • American System created a tariff to promote Northern industry

• Farmers in the south and the west could get their goods to market by using rivers and oven-based shipping

• but no rivers connected eastern factories

• private companies, state gov’s, and the national gov invested in road construction

• Eli Whitney’s development of interchangeable parts and new textile technologies led to an Industrial Revolution in the North

• Samuel Slater used British industrial designs to build the first American textile factories

• America was Ubanized

Dates:

• 1851: Irish Potato Famine

• 1800-1840: National Market Economy

• 1830’s: Railroad construction had first began

• 1860: railroads were the dominant means of transportation in America

Vocab:

• Nativism: prejudice towards immigrants by the native-born

• Lowell girls - Young women from the country who worked in factories and lived in boarding houses