psy 230
Attitudes Flashcards
Flashcard 1
Front: What is an attitude?
Back: A positive or negative evaluation of something or someone.
Flashcard 2
Front: Are attitudes mostly learned or genetic?
Back: Mostly learned (though genetics can play a role).
Flashcard 3
Front: What is classical conditioning?
Back: Learning through association between two stimuli.
Example: Bell + food → drool
Flashcard 4
Front: What is operant conditioning?
Back: Learning through consequences.
Reinforcement = increases behavior
Punishment = decreases behavior
Flashcard 5
Front: What is modeling?
Back: Learning by observing others.
Example: Children smoke if parents smoke.
Attitude Components Flashcards
Flashcard 6
Front: What is the cognitive component of attitude?
Back: Thoughts and beliefs.
Flashcard 7
Front: What is the affective component of attitude?
Back: Emotions and feelings.
Cognitive Dissonance Flashcards
Flashcard 8
Front: What is cognitive dissonance?
Back: Discomfort when attitudes and behavior conflict.
Flashcard 9
Front: How do people reduce cognitive dissonance?
Back: Change attitude OR change behavior.
Attitude-Behavior Consistency Flashcards
Flashcard 10
Front: What increases attitude-behavior consistency?
Back:
Strong attitudes
High self relevance
High accessibility
Flashcard 11
Front: What is attitude accessibility?
Back: How easily an attitude comes to mind.
Persuasion Flashcards
Flashcard 12
Front: What determines persuasion?
Back: WHO says WHAT to WHOM.
Flashcard 13
Front: What makes a speaker persuasive?
Back:
Credibility
Expertise
Attractiveness
Fast speaking
Flashcard 14
Front: What is the sleeper effect?
Back: Non-credible sources become persuasive over time.
Elaboration Likelihood Model Flashcards
Flashcard 15
Front: What is the central route of persuasion?
Back: Persuasion using logic and strong arguments.
Used when:
High self relevance
High need for cognition
Flashcard 16
Front: What is the peripheral route of persuasion?
Back: Persuasion using superficial cues.
Example: attractiveness, credibility
Used when:
Low self relevance
Distracted audience
When Persuasion Fails Flashcards
Flashcard 17
Front: What is reactance?
Back: Doing the opposite when freedom feels threatened.
Flashcard 18
Front: What is forewarning?
Back: Knowing persuasion is coming → prepare counterarguments.
Flashcard 19
Front: What is selective avoidance?
Back: Avoiding information that contradicts beliefs.
Example: Conservatives watch FOX, liberals watch CNN.
Prejudice Flashcards
Flashcard 20
Front: What is a stereotype?
Back: Cognitive belief about a group.
Flashcard 21
Front: What is prejudice?
Back: Emotional attitude toward a group.
Flashcard 22
Front: What is discrimination?
Back: Behavior toward a group.
Flashcard 23
Front: Correct order: stereotype, prejudice, discrimination?
Back:
Stereotype → Prejudice → Discrimination
Modern Racism Flashcards
Flashcard 24
Front: What is modern racism?
Back: Subtle, indirect racism.
Tokenism and Related Flashcards
Flashcard 25
Front: What is tokenism?
Back: Hiring someone based on group membership.
Flashcard 26
Front: What is reverse discrimination?
Back: Overly positive treatment based on group membership.
Flashcard 27
Front: What is compunction?
Back: Guilt after behaving prejudicially.
Realistic Conflict Theory Flashcards
Flashcard 28
Front: What is realistic conflict theory?
Back: Prejudice caused by competition for resources.
Ingroup vs Outgroup Flashcards
Flashcard 29
Front: What is ingroup?
Back: Your group.
Flashcard 30
Front: What is outgroup?
Back: Other groups.
Illusory Correlation Flashcards
Flashcard 31
Front: What is illusory correlation?
Back: False belief that two variables are related.