Toz
Sovkhoz
Kolkhoz
Peasants owned their own land
Shared machinery and co-operated in activities such as sowing and harvesting
State-run farm
Owned and run by the state
Created on land confiscated by the nobles
Collective farm
Run by an elective committee on behalf of the peasants
Smaller farm run by a cooperative
Paid a wage by the government
Workers often recruited from poorer landless rural residents
Workers recieved no wages
Credited with ‘workdays’ and recieved a share of the profits
Internal passports from 1932, forbidden to move without permission
Peasant opposition to become wage labourers led to focus on kolkhoz type collective farms in the 1930s
State paid low prices for the grain and sold the produce to towns at slightly higher prices
System of internal passports from 1932
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