GEN ECO REVIEWER

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Part I. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer among the choices given.

1. What zone is below the benthic zone of rivers?

d. hyporheic

2. Which of the following soil horizons has humus?

a. O horizon

3. How many percent is freshwater in rivers, lakes, and streams?

c. less than 1%

4. Which of the following terrestrial biomes is known for its four seasons?

c. deciduous forest

5. Which of the following is the correct order of the ocean's horizontal zone?

b. littoral – neritic – oceanic

6. What kind of plants grow on trees and other plants but are not parasites?

d. epiphytes

7. Which of the following is the deepest and largest ocean basin in the world?

c. The Pacific Ocean

8. Which of the following biomes has grasses, mixed with shrubs and small trees?

b. savannah

9. Every year, more typhoons enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) than anywhere else in the world. For the country to bounce back to equilibrium after a major disturbance like a disastrous typhoon, which of the following ecosystem properties should it have?

d. sustainability

10. Which of the following statements about deserts is TRUE?

d. Death Valley in Eastern California holds the record for the hottest temperature ever recorded at 134 degrees Fahrenheit.

11. Which of the following statements about Taiga is CORRECT?

a. The forests of taiga are largely coniferous and contain fir, spruce, and pine trees.

b. The narrow-needle like structures found on the coniferous trees or its needles limit water loss through transpiration.

d. Both statements are correct.

12. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about biomes?

b. There are more terrestrial biomes like rainforests than aquatic biomes.

13. Which of the following statements about savanna is CORRECT?

a. Savannas have a very long dry season in the winter.

b. Savannas have a very long wet season in the summer.

c. Savannas have occasional fires and are known for trees, which have long and resistant roots.

d. All of the above.

14. Which of the following statements about salinity is INCORRECT?

c. Lowest salinities occur in the subtropics at about 20 to 30 degrees N and S latitudes, where precipitation is low and evaporation is high.

15. Which of the following statements is TRUE about hydrologic cycle?

a. Water vapor cools as it rises from the ocean's surface and condenses, forming clouds.

16. Which of the following statements about grasslands is INCORRECT?

c. Due to seasonal droughts and occasional fires, soil in grasslands is not fertile.

17. Which of the following statements is TRUE about thermoregulation by animals?

c. Warm-blooded animals rely on metabolic activity to regulate body temperature.

18. Which of the following statements BEST describes the biodiversity of intertidal zones?

a. Hard, rocky substrates support more biota from that on muddy or sandy shores.

19. Which of the following statements is TRUE about energy transfer in the trophic levels?

b. Only 10% of the energy obtained is carried from one trophic level to another.

20. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about water movements in oceans?

a. Deep water may be moved to the surface in a process called Coriolis effect.

21. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about natural selection and population genetics?

c. As Darwin explored the Sentinel Islands, Johann Mendel was developing the facility with mathematics necessary to complete Darwin’s theory of natural selection.

22. Which of the following statements is TRUE about energy flow and nutrient cycling through an ecosystem?

b. Matter and nutrients are constantly recycled and within and between ecosystems.

23. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the relationship between temperature and depth of oceans?

c. The temperature decreases and gets colder as you go deeper in the ocean.

24. Which of the following ecosystem services has examples such as medicinal resources, woods, and timbers?

d. provisioning

25. Which of the following kinds of coral reef stands between the open sea and a lagoon?

d. barrier reef

26. Which of the following organisms gives corals their greenish color?

a. zooxanthellae

27. If the grasshopper was to be removed

completely from the food web, which of the following organisms would be most affected? Please see the photo below.

c. shrew

28. Which of the following organism provides energy for more than one organism in the food web?

a. mouse

Part II. Analogy. Fill in the missing items to complete the analogy below. Write on the space provided.

XYLEM: water: phloem: sugar

swell: hypoosmotic: shrink: HYPEROSMOSTIC

PELAGIC: open water: benthic: bottom

short-term adjustment: ACCLIMATION: long-term adjustment: adaptation

TAIGA: largest land biome: ocean: largest water biome

seaweed: KELP: coral: coral reef

supratidal: intertidal zone: epilimnion: lakes

producers: AUTOTROPHS: consumers: heterotrophs

Part III. True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.

According to Allen’s Rule, animals that are in a hot climate will have large appendages for radiating heat. TRUE

According to the Principle of Adaptation, a species that is adapted to specific environmental conditions will be less fit at a different environment. FALSE

In cold air, the air molecules expand and spread out creating a lot more space for water vapor. Therefore, cold air can hold a lot of water vapor and is often very humid. FALSE

Not all photons or particles of light result in equal levels of photosynthesis. The longer the wavelength, the lower energy it gives. Hence, IR has lower energy compared to UV radiation. TRUE

When individuals of one sex consistently choose mates among members of opposite sex based on a particular trait, it is called intersexual selection. TRUE

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Part IV. Identification. Write what is being asked on the space provided. Observe proper capitalization. Wrong spelling is wrong.

Who uncovered the basic mechanisms of inheritance?
- Gregor Johann Mendel

What rule states that animals in hot climates tend to have larger appendages for radiating heat?
- Allen’s Rule

What are the most significant photosynthetic inhabitants that drifts with the currents in the open sea?
- phytoplankton

Who categorized coral reefs?

- Charles Darwin

Where do stems or stipes of kelp are anchored?

- holdfasts

What is below the reef crest where coral formations alternate with sand-bottomed canyons?
- buttress zone

What is the highest zone of the intertidal zone?
- supratidal fringe

What are found whenever rivers meet the sea?
- estuaries

What is between the aquatic environment of the river and the upland terrestrial environment?
- riparian zone

What is the state of torpor that lasts for months over the summer season?
- estivation

Part V. Enumeration. Give what is being asked. Read and follow the instructions diligently. Separate s using a comma (,).

Four Ecosystem Services (include the word 'service', write in alphabetical order, separate s using a comma) write in small letters only
- cultural service, provisioning service, regulating service, supporting service

Main Soil Layers (in correct order downwards, include the word 'horizon', separate s using a comma)
- O horizon, A horizon, B horizon, C horizon

Major Ocean Basins (in correct order from smallest to largest, follow this format The _____ Ocean, capitalize each word, separate s using a comma)
- The Arctic Ocean, The Indian Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean

Vertical Zones of Oceans (in correct order downwards, include the word 'zone', separate s using a comma)
- epipelagic zone, mesopelagic zone, bathypelagic zone, abyssal zone, hadal zone

Two Types of Sexual Selection (write in small letters, include the word "selection" and separate s using a comma)
- intrasexual selection, intersexual selection