Life History of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Torture and Persecution

  • Hazrat Umar's acceptance of Islam gave courage to the Muslims to ‘preach publicly.

  • The Quraish tried to bribe ProphetMuha mmad (PBUH), but he refus ed.

  • The Quraish then decided to torture and persecute Muslims ev en more.

    • Hazrat Bilal (R.A.) was tortured severely.

    • Hazrat Uthman (R.A.) was tied up and beaten.

    • Hazrat Ammar (R.A.)'s mother, Sumayyah (R.A.), was killed by Abu Jahl, who also blinded Hazrat Zaeerah (R.A.).

    • Some Muslims, like Hazrat Khabbab-bin-Aett (R.A.), were pushed into fire.

Migration to Abyssinia

  • In the fifth year of Islam, due to increasing tortures, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) allowed Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia, ruled by King Negus (Najjashi), who later accepted Islam.

  • In the sixth year of Islam, Hazrat Hamza bin Abdul Muttalib and Hazrat Umar bin Khattab (R.A.) became Muslims, strengthening the Muslim community.

Boycott

  • The Quraish boycotted the Banu Hashim when Abu Talib refused to hand over Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

  • The Banu Hashim were confined to Shu'ab Abu Talib, facing severe conditions for three years (seventh to tenth year of Islam).

  • The boycott document in Ka'bah was destroyed by white ants, except for the name of Allah.

  • The boycott was eventually withdrawn due to internal differences among the Quraish.

Loss of Friends & Journey to Ta'if

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) lost Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadija (R.A.) in one year.

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) went to Ta'if to preach Islam but was rejected and faced hostility from the people.

  • People of Ta'if threw stones at Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Zayd ibn Harithah (RA), causing them to bleed.

  • He (PBUH) took shelter in a garden where he prayed for their guidance.

Me'raj

  • Allah honored Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with Me'raj (ascension) from Makkah to Baitul Muqaddas (Jerusalem) and then to the seven heavens.

  • During Me'raj, he met all the prophets and received the gift of five Salat (prayers).

Covenant of Aqbah

  • First Covenant: In 621 CE, a group from Madinah pledged to worship Allah alone, abstain from stealing, adultery, and killing children, and obey Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

  • Second Covenant: In 622 CE, seventy-three men and two women from Madinah pledged to protect Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) like their own families.

    • The Prophet (PBUH) promised them Paradise in return.

Hijrat to Madinah

  • The Makkah leaders planned to kill Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), informed by Hazrat Jibra'eel A.S., left for Madinah with Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.).

  • Hazrat Ali (R.A.) stayed behind to return the goods held in trust.

  • They stayed in the cave of Thoor for three days.

  • The year of Hijrat marks the beginning of the Islamic Calendar.

Arrival at Madinah

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) arrived at Quba, near Madinah, on 12th Rabiul-Awwal.

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) built Masjid-e-Quba, the first Masjid in Islam, during his stay in Quba.

  • The first Jum'a prayer was conducted by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with 100 worshippers.

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) settled on a site belonging to two orphans of Banu Najjar, and was hosted by Abu Ayyub Ansari (R.A.).

Muwakhat and Masjid-E-Nabawi

  • The people of Madinah (Ansars) shared their homes and goods with the Muhajireen (immigrants from Makkah) in an act of Islamic Brotherhood (Muwakhat).

  • Masjid-E-Nabawi was built on land bought from two orphans; Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions participated in its construction.

Treaty with the Jews (Constitution of Madinah)

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) made a peace treaty with the Jewish tribes of Madinah (Banu Quinuqah, Banu Nadhir, Banu Quraizah).

  • The treaty granted religious freedom and mutual defense.

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) would be the final decision-maker in disputes.

Munafiqeen (Hypocrites)

  • Abdullah bin Ubay bin Sulool, who wanted to be the ruler of Madinah, feigned acceptance of Islam but harbored animosity.

  • He and his followers (Munafiqs) plotted against the Muslims, cooperating with the Jews.

Wars with the Kuffar of Makkah

  • The Battle of Badr took place in Ramadhaan 2 A.H.

  • Abu Jahl led an army of 1000 men from Makkah to confront the Muslims.

  • Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) consulted with his companions, who showed their willingness to defend Islam.

  • The Muslims, with 313 men, faced the Makkans at Badr and won with Allah's help.

  • Seventy of the Kufaar, including Abu Jahl, were killed, and seventy were taken as prisoners.

  • Fourteen Muslims were martyred. The Battle of Badr strengthened the Muslims and their cause.