Bandages and Wound Care

  • No need to memorize bandages individually.
  • Focus on wound care questions.
  • Sterile dressing required for burns.
  • Expect questions regarding "Kirkland's" more than specifics on bandages.

Kirkland Formula for Burns

  • Important to know about the Kirkland formula.
  • Used to calculate fluid needs for burn victims.

Opportunistic Infections in AIDS

  • Key Opportunistic Infection: Candidiasis and Kaposi Sarcoma (CS).
    • Candidiasis: Fungal infection commonly seen in AIDS patients.
    • Kaposi Sarcoma: A cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, or in other organs.

Fluid Resuscitation in Burns

  • Clinical Scenario: Patient weighing 80 kg with burns covering 40% body area.
  • Calculation using Parkland's Formula: Fluid requirement is calculated as 4 mL × weight (kg) × % body surface area burned.
  • Calculation steps:
    • Total fluid = 4 mL × 80 kg × 40 = $12,800$ mL.
    • Fluid to be given in the first 8 hours = Total fluid ÷ 2 = $6,400$ mL.

ART Initiation Considerations for HIV Patients

  • Factors to consider before starting Antiretroviral Therapy (ART):
    • Presence of Opportunistic Infections.
    • Medication Tolerance.
    • Patient Compliance.

Chemotherapy Side Effects

  • Priority Side Effect to monitor: Low white blood cell count (neutropenia).
  • Psychosocial Component: Hair loss impacts self-esteem, should be addressed with the patient.

Management of Mild Thermal Burns

  • Appropriate intervention: Run cool water over the burn for 10-15 minutes (not ice, butter, or direct blister popping).

Emergent Phase of Major Burns

  • Primary Concern: Fluid resuscitation and monitoring for infection.

Nursing Actions in Burn Cases

  • Concern for client with hoarseness and singed nasal hairs: Priority action is to provide oxygen and prepare for intubation.
  • Patient safety during fire safety education: Remember the acronym "PASS" for using a fire extinguisher.

HIV Transmission and Related Bodily Fluids

  • Bodily Fluids Capable of Transmitting HIV: Breast milk, semen, vaginal fluids.

Rule of Nines for Burn Assessment

  • Anterior and posterior torso burns assessed as covering 36% of total body surface area.

End-of-Life Patient Care

  • Terminally ill patients experiencing confusion: Best response is to promote a calm environment and frequently reorient.

Early Symptoms of HIV

  • Expected early symptoms may include night sweats and muscle aches, oral candidiasis, Kaposi sarcomas, and peripheral neuropathy.

Signs of Infection in Burn Patients

  • Most concerning sign: Foul-smelling wound exudate or increased fever indicating potential infection.

Cancer-Related Acronyms

  • Acronym for Lymph Node Involvement: TNM (Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis).
    • T = size of the tumor and depth.
    • N = nearby lymph nodes.
    • M = metastasis to distant sites.

Internal Radiation Safety Measures

  • Priority for patient care during internal radiation therapy includes limiting time spent in the room.

HIV Diagnostic Tests

  • First Screening Test for HIV: ELISA, followed by a confirmatory Western Blot test.

Goals of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

  • Primary goal is to suppress the viral load (option C).

Complications in Acute Burn Recovery

  • Most associated complication during acute phase: Shock due to fluid loss.

Signs of Clinical Abscesses

  • Initial action for suspected abscess: Incise and drain under sterile conditions.

Precautions with Neutropenic Patients

  • Nursing interventions for patients under neutropenic precautions:
    • Limit visitors and ensure proper hand hygiene.
    • Avoid fresh fruits and flowers; ensure clean environment.

Anemia Symptoms and Management

  • Symptoms of Aplastic Anemia: Involves all blood components (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets).
  • Dietary recommendations: High iron foods such as lentils and dark leafy greens.

Iron Deficiency Anemia Management

  • Recommend ferrous sulfate for iron absorption with Vitamin C and avoid dairy products during iron intake.
  • Dark stools from iron supplementation should be communicated to patients to avoid alarm.

Hematological Disorder Treatment

  • Hematological Disorders: Patient teaching on precautions related to blood transfusions and infections.

Skin Cancer Identification

  • Emphasize education on utilizing the ABCDE method for identifying melanoma.

Additional Patient Education

  • Patients should be taught about physical signs of complications related to their specific conditions, including monitoring for signs of infection or worsening symptoms.