Spanish Midterm 2024
acogido, acogida: welcomed; admitted and protected
la aculturación: acculturation; process by which one cultural group adopts traits of another
aislado, aislada: isolated; separated, distant
aportar: to contribute, to provide
la asimilación: assimilation; the process of adapting to a new culture
asimilarse: to assimilate (oneself), to become integrated into a new culture
la convivencia: coexistence; living together in harmony
la enajenación: alienation; the act of becoming distanced from one’s group
la etnia: ethnic group; a community defined by racial, religious, or cultural similarities
étnico, étnica: ethnic; related to an ethnic group or race
integrarse: to integrate; to become part of a group
involucrarse: to get involved; to include oneself in something
perseverar: to persevere; to persist steadily
trasladarse: to move (residence), to relocate
la actitud: attitude; a way of thinking or feeling
ansioso, ansiosa: anxious; worried or nervous
la apariencia: appearance; external look
la aprobación: approval; acceptance as good or valid
la autoimagen: self-image; the mental picture one has of oneself
el comportamiento: behavior; manner of acting
confiado, confiada: trusting; self-assured
deprimido, deprimida: depressed; deeply sad or low-spirited
desanimado, desanimada: discouraged; lacking enthusiasm or interest
la dignidad: dignity; self-respect and honor
la envidia: envy; desire for what another has
la esperanza: hope; belief that what one wants will happen
el éxito: success; a favorable outcome
faltar: to be lacking; to not be present where needed
la felicidad: happiness; state of contentment
la fortaleza: strength; mental or physical resilience
idealizar: to idealize; to view something as perfect or better than reality
la imagen: image; mental or visual representation
la inseguridad: insecurity; lack of confidence
juzgarse: to judge oneself; to form an opinion about oneself
el obstáculo: obstacle; something that hinders progress
el orgullo: pride; satisfaction in one’s own or group’s achievements
padecer: to suffer; to endure pain or hardship
la percepción: perception; awareness or understanding through senses or mind
el prejuicio: prejudice; preformed negative judgment without knowledge
preocuparse por: to worry about; to feel uneasy or alarmed
provocar: to provoke; to cause something to happen
respetar: to respect; to show esteem or consideration
sentirse: to feel; to experience emotions or sensations
superar: to overcome; to do better than before, to surpass
la tristeza: sadness; feeling of sorrow
la valoración: valuation, appreciation; recognizing worth
la afinidad: affinity; a natural liking or similarity
la armonía: harmony; pleasing arrangement or agreement
caracterizar: to characterize; to describe distinctive qualities
la coexistencia: coexistence; living together at the same time/place
la cohesión: cohesion; the act of forming a united whole
la conformidad: conformity; agreement or similarity in form
la costumbre: custom; habitual practice
la creencia: belief; conviction that something is true
la etnicidad: ethnicity; cultural traits defining a group
familiar: familiar; known or related to family
heredar: to inherit; to receive from predecessors
la herencia: heritage; property, traditions passed down generations
la homogeneidad: homogeneity; uniformity, similarity in composition
honrar: to honor; to show respect or reverence
identificarse: to identify oneself; to align with certain beliefs
el idioma: language; a shared system of communication
la igualdad: equality; equal treatment and opportunities for all
la interculturalidad: interculturalism; interaction of different cultures
la justicia: justice; fairness, giving each their due
el legado: legacy; something handed down from the past
la libertad: freedom; the power to act and think without restraint
multiétnico, multiétnica: multiethnic; composed of various ethnic groups
la patria: homeland; the country one feels tied to
el patrimonio: patrimony; inherited heritage or property
la percepción: perception; understanding through senses or mind
la pertenencia: belonging; being part of something
el pueblo: people; inhabitants of a community or nation
los rasgos: features; distinctive characteristics
la raza: race; classification based on physical traits or ancestry
el recuerdo: memory; something recalled from the past
la similitud: similarity; likeness or resemblance
la singularidad: uniqueness; distinctive or individual character
transmitir: to transmit; to pass on or communicate
la uniformidad: uniformity; consistent sameness
valorar: to value; to appreciate or recognize worth
la afición: hobby; inclination or fondness for something
aliviar: to alleviate; to make less severe
el altruismo: altruism; concern for others' well-being at one’s own expense
apasionado, apasionada: passionate; having intense enthusiasm
la calidad de vida: quality of life; conditions making life pleasant and valuable
capacitar: to train; to prepare someone to be competent
dedicarse a: to dedicate oneself to; to devote time or energy to something
el descanso: rest; a pause to regain energy
disfrutar: to enjoy; to take pleasure in something
distraerse: to get distracted; to divert attention from something
el empeño: determination; effort and persistence
encargarse de: to take charge of; to assume responsibility
equilibrar: to balance; to make even or stable
el espíritu: spirit; enthusiasm, courage, vigor
el fervor: fervor; intense passion or zeal
innovador, innovadora: innovative; introducing new ideas or methods
el integrante: member; part of a group
involucrar: to involve; to include or engage
el lazo: bond; link or tie connecting people or things
el liderazgo: leadership; the ability to lead and motivate
llevar a cabo: to carry out; to accomplish
mejorar: to improve; to make better
el ocio: leisure; free time
placentero, placentera: pleasant; enjoyable
el provecho: benefit; advantage or gain
reclutar: to recruit; to enlist or gather people for a purpose
recompensar: to reward; to compensate
relajarse: to relax; to reduce tension or stress
la ventaja: advantage; something that makes success more likely
la voluntad: will; the faculty of making choices
la alfabetización: literacy; teaching reading and writing
el aliado, la aliada: ally; an entity (person or country) that unites with another to achieve a goal
el analfabetismo: illiteracy; lack of reading and writing skills
animar: to encourage; to give energy and motivation
aprobar (un examen): to pass (an exam); to obtain a positive grade
el becario, la becaria: intern, grant holder; person who receives a scholarship
beneficiar: to benefit; to do good or bring advantage
el bilingüismo: bilingualism; regular use of two languages by an individual or community
la capacitación: training; activity aimed at expanding knowledge and skills
comunitario, comunitaria: community; belonging to or related to a community
el desempeño: performance; the result of one’s work
desfavorecido, desfavorecida: disadvantaged; person with scarce resources
la destreza: skill; ability to perform a certain activity well
la discapacidad: disability; physical or mental limitation
el doctorado: doctorate; highest academic degree awarded by an institution of higher education
eficaz: effective; achieving a desired outcome
especializarse: to specialize; to acquire knowledge in a specific branch of science or art
la facultad: faculty; department or division of a university
el índice de graduación: graduation rate; percentage of a cohort that completes a degree
el instituto: institute; secondary school or specialized center of learning
la maestría: master’s degree; postgraduate course in a particular specialty
la matrícula: enrollment; registration in an official list or record
la primaria: primary school; the first stage of basic education
el profesorado: faculty; group of teachers/professors
la promoción: promotion; act of advancing someone, product, or service
el razonamiento: reasoning; orderly process of thinking to reach a conclusion
el rendimiento: yield, output; product or result of work
la secundaria: secondary school; intermediate stage between primary and higher education
los servicios de apoyo: support services; assistance to meet people’s or clients’ needs
suspender: to fail (an exam); to stop or interrupt temporarily
la universidad: university; institution of higher education
acceder: to access; to have entry to something
el acontecimiento: event; significant happening
la adicción: addiction; excessive and unhealthy dependence on something
el alcance: reach; importance, scope
el algoritmo: algorithm; set of operations to find a solution to a problem
la autoestima: self-esteem; value one places on oneself
el chisme: gossip; true or false news or comments that often cause discord
el ciberacoso: cyberbullying; psychological aggression via new technologies
la clave: key; explanation or secret code
el consentimiento: consent; acceptance or permission granted by parties involved
la contraseña: password; secret code for access, especially online
el delito: crime; action against the law
el dispositivo: device; apparatus with a specific function
divulgarse: to be disclosed; to be made public
emitir: to emit; to produce or issue an opinion or signal
la empresa: company; entity dedicated to industrial, commercial, or service activities
etario, etaria: related to age; age-related
hostigar: to harass; to bother someone persistently
el intercambio: exchange; reciprocal giving and receiving between parties
interceptar: to intercept; to stop something on its way
la mensajería: messaging or courier service; delivery of letters and packages
el perfil: profile; personal data and characteristics recorded in an account
perseguir: to pursue; to try to achieve or reach something
polémico, polémica: controversial; causing debate or dispute
publicar: to publish; to make something public, especially in print or media
restringir: to restrict; to limit or reduce
el seguidor, la seguidora: follower; person who supports something or someone
suscribirse: to subscribe; to sign up to receive periodic publications
el usuario: user; person who uses a service or thing
la vigilancia: vigilance; careful supervision, watchfulness
la aglomeración: crowd; large grouping of people or things
agrícola: agricultural; related to agriculture
aislado, aislada: isolated; set apart or remote
ambiental: environmental; related to the environment
el arrendamiento: lease; contract to temporarily enjoy a property for payment
el colonialismo: colonialism; a regime where one state exploits and controls another territory
la congestión: congestion; excessive accumulation of something
el consumismo: consumerism; tendency toward excessive and unnecessary consumption
la emigración: emigration; leaving one’s place of origin to settle elsewhere
el emplazamiento: location; situation or site of something
la empresa: company; entity engaged in industrial, commercial, or service activities
el entorno: environment; surrounding area or conditions
el éxodo: exodus; mass departure of people from a place
la explotación: exploitation; use of resources for profit
extranjero, extranjera: foreign; from another country
el flujo: flow; movement and continuous progression of something
el índice de…: index/rate of…; numerical expression of the relationship between two quantities
la industrialización: industrialization; development of industry and manufacturing
la infraestructura: infrastructure; systems and services needed for proper function of a region
la localización: location; positioning or placement
la materia prima: raw material; basic material needed for manufacturing a product
migratorio, migratoria: migratory; related to movement from one region to another
la mortalidad: mortality; death rate in a population over a given time
la mundialización: globalization; making something worldwide in scope
la nacionalización: nationalization; process of making something domestic or changing nationality
la natalidad: birth rate; number of births in a population over a given time
el paisaje: landscape; view or panorama of a place
la planificación: planning; methodically organized plan
la polarización: polarization; division into two opposite positions
la propiedad: property; right or faculty of owning something within legal limits
el proteccionismo: protectionism; economic policy restricting competing foreign goods
el rendimiento: yield, output; result obtained from work
el subdesarrollo: underdevelopment; not reaching certain economic or social standards
la tasa: rate; measure or ratio between two quantities
la urbanización: urbanization; residential development, or process of becoming urban
la xenofobia: xenophobia; fear or hatred of foreigners
el acuerdo: agreement; pact between two or more parties
apoyar: to support; to back or help
la armonía: harmony; union of different but compatible elements
la bondad: kindness; quality of being good
comportarse: to behave; to act in a certain way
concertar: to agree; to come to an arrangement
confiar: to trust; to place confidence in a person or thing
cortés: courteous; polite, well-mannered
la creencia: belief; a firm conviction, often religious or political
la cualidad: quality; distinctive characteristic of someone or something
digno, digna: dignified, worthy; deserving respect
educado, educada: well-mannered; having good upbringing or courtesy
la empatía: empathy; ability to share and understand others’ feelings
la equidad: equity; giving each what they deserve based on merits or needs
ético, ética: ethical; conforming to moral principles
la herencia: heritage; property, knowledge, or traditions passed down to later generations
honrar: to honor; to respect or give recognition to someone
la humildad: humility; quality of being modest and not boastful
imponer: to impose; to force or demand compliance
justo, justa: just; fair, in accordance with law or reason
el lazo: bond; tie or link
la lealtad: loyalty; fulfillment of promises or commitments; faithfulness
llevarse bien: to get along; to have a good relationship with someone
obedecer: to obey; to comply with someone’s will or orders
la pauta: guideline; standard or pattern
relacionarse: to relate; to establish a connection between people, ideas, or things
respetar: to respect; to show consideration and honor
el rito: rite; custom or ceremony
la solidaridad: solidarity; support or unity, especially in difficult situations
unir: to unite; to join two or more things together into a whole
el vínculo: link, tie; something that connects or bonds