traits shared by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells selectively permeable membrane, subcellular components in cytosol (cytoplasm), contain chromosomes, have ribosomes in eukaryotic cells, DNA is found in the nucleus in prokaryotic cells, DNA is found in the nucleoid region smallest cell capable of carrying out cellular metabolism mycoplasmas plasma membrane allows which substances to pass through oxygen, water and nutrients, wastes cell surface area and volume increases at different rates (sa - m2 v - m3) narrow, elongated shape of cells microscopically is caused by a surface area large enough to accommodate the volume microvilli increase surface area without increase in volume membrane consists of phospholipid bilayer phospholipid bilayer phospholipids move freely with proteins embedded