3.1-3.3

3.1: The electromagnetic spectrum and the stories it tells us:

Electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy): And form of radiant energy in the electromagnetic spectrum
Electromagnetic spectrum: a continuous range of radiant energy that includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves
All forms of radiation are considered electromagnetic
Electromagnetic radiation moves through space in oscillating electric field and an oscillating magnetic field
Wavelength: the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough on a wave
frequency: the number of crests of a wave that pass a stationary point of reference per second
hertz (Hz): the SI unit of frequency with units of reciprocal seconds: 1HZ = 1s-1= 1 cycle per second (cps)
- Shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency
- The longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency

Blackbody radiators: when cold, surfaces are jet black, and they absorb all the light that strikes them
Quantum: the smallest discrete quantity of a particular form of energy
Planck constant: the proportionality constant between the energy and frequency of electromagnetic radiation expressed in E = hv; h = 6.626 × 10^-34 j . s
Quantum theory: a model of matter and energy based on the principle that energy is absorbed or emitted in discrete packets, or quanta
Quantized: having values restricted to a whole-number multiples of a specific base value
Planck’s hypothesis energy is released or absorbed in discrete packets, or quanta, of energy
Photons: a quantum of electromagnetic radiation
photoelectric effect: the release of electrons from a material as a result of electromagnetic radiation striking it
Threshold frequency, V0: the minimum frequency of light required to produce the photoelectric effect

Work function: the amount of energy needed to dislodge an electron from the surface of a material