Cooking Techniques

Cooking Techniques Correction Chart



Poaching

  • Heating/cooking foods submerged in a liquid

  • Gentle cooking method

  • Does not use fat (i.e. oil or butter)

  • Bring poaching liquid (i.e. water) to a boil 

  • Add the food to be poached

  • Reduce the heat to maintain a simmer

  • Poach until done, remove with perforated spoon 

Examples: 

  • Eggs

  • Chicken

  • Fish

  • Pears

Boiling

  • Cooking food submerged in boiling water or other water-based liquid (stock)

  • Water is at 212 degrees F / 100 degrees C

Examples: 

  • Pasta

  • Potatoes 

  • Soup stock 

Grilling

  • Cooking food with dry, direct, radiant heat applied for quickness 

  • Metal grates are placed over a heat source

  • Produces a smoky and charred flavour

Examples: 

  • Shrimp skewers

  • Vegetables

  • Steak

Steaming

  • Indirect method where hot steam rises from water to cook food

  • Water needs to be boiled continuously so that it may vaporize into steam

  • The steam is trapped in the cooking vessel to allow for the food to cook effectively 

  • Useful for making hardy vegetables softer

Examples: 

  • Dumplings

  • Cauliflower

  • Fish such as salmon or trout

Sauteing 

  • A dry heat cooking method

  • Combines a small amount of fat in a hot pan to cook food

  • A shallow pan is used over relatively high heat 

Examples: 

  • Mushrooms

  • Onions

  • Spinach

Roasting

  • A slow cooking process that uses indirect heat

  • Exposes food to high temperatures over a longer period of time 

  • Food is placed in an enclosed place (i.e. oven) 

Examples: 

  • Sweet potatoes

  • Chicken 

  • Carrots

Pan-roasting 

  • A hybrid method that uses both searing and roasts 

  • Used to maximize flavour and texture in dishes 

  • Searing will create a crust with medium to high heat, whereas roasting will finish off the cooking process gently 

Examples: 

  • Duck

  • Chicken thighs 

  • Fish 

Braising

  • Dry and liquid form of cooking 

  • Searing or browning food to develop flavour and/or colour then adding a flavourful liquid to make it tender

  • Used on tougher cuts of meat and vegetables 

Examples: 

  • Pork shoulder

  • Lamb shanks

  • Short ribs 

Stirring vs Whipping vs Beating

  • Stirring is to gently mix ingredients with a spoon, spatula or utensil in a circular motion 

  • Beating is to develop a smooth consistency and can be achieved with a wooden spoon, electric beater or food processor

  • Whipping is a form of beating to incorporate air and make the ingredient foamy 

Stirring Example: 

  • Yogurt sauces

Beating Example: 

  • Beating butter to cream it

Whipping Example: 

  • Heavy cream transformed into whipped cream 

Blanching

  • Cooking an ingredient in scalding hot, boiling water (or steam) briefly then plunging it into ice water to stop the cooking process

  • It helps slow the loss of vitamins in the cooking process 

Examples: 

  • Green beans

  • Leafy greens

  • Peaches 

Breading

  • The process of covering food with bread crumbs, crackers, or nuts before it is cooked to improve the flavour of a food

  • A multi-step process of dredging an item in flour, egg wash then coarse crumbs prior to frying in a fat

Examples: 

  • Schnitzel 

  • Fish sticks

  • Mozzarella sticks

Deglazing

  • Adding a liquid to a hot pan so that caramelized food bits can be released

  • It could be alcohol such as wine but also could be a stock 

  • This method maximizes flavour 

Example: 

  • Making gravy after roasting meats