Chem 

Photon: A quantum light energy 

 \n

quantum mechanical model: 

 \n

quantum principle:

 

quantum number (n): relates primarily to the main energy of an electron.

 \n

Orbital: A region of space around the nucleus where an electron is found. 

 

secondary quantum number (l): relates primarily to the shape of the electron orbit. 

 \n

line spectra: when excited atoms emit light of certain wavelengths which correspond to different colours. 

magnetic quantum number (ml): releases primarily in the direction of electron orbit.

 \n

ground state: 

spin quantum number (ms): relates to a property of an electron that can be best described as its spin.

 \n

ionic bond: a bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally between atoms.

electron configuration: A method for communicating the location and number of electrons in electron energy levels.

 \n

covalent bond: A bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally between atoms.

 

VSEPR theory: 

  • Valence shell electrons of the central atoms are important for molecular shape.
  • Valence shell electrons are paired or will be paired in a molecule or ion 
  • Bonded pairs of electrons and lone pairs of electrons are treated approximately equally.
  • Valence shell electron p[airs repel each other electrostatically.
  • The molecular shape is determined by the positions of the electron pairs when they are a maximum distance apart. 

 \n

 

Dipole: A force of attraction between polar molecules.

 

intermolecular forces: the force of attraction and repulsion between molecules.

 

polar covalent bond: a bond in which electrons are shared somewhat unequally.

 \n

Scientists: - Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Chadwick, Planck, Bohr, DeBroglie, Schrodinger 

Dalton:

  •  Billiard Ball Model 
  • 3 Foundational laws

Thomson:

  • Cathode Ray tube 
  • Discovered the electron 
  • Plum Pudding model

Rutherford: 

  • Gold foil experiment
  • Discovered the nucleus 
  • Nuclear Model

Chadwick:

  • Discovered the neutron 

Planck:

  • Quantized energy 

Bohr: 

  • Spectroscopy 
  • Discovered Electron Shells (2n^2)
  • Quantum Model

DeBroglie:

  • Electrons behaved as both particles and waves 
  • Moving electrons made a wave-like pattern 

Schrodinger: 

  • Orbitals each have different shapes and orientation 
  • Wave mechanics physics