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Significant figures:
are digits within a number that help determine how accurate a data value or measurement is.
Accuracy Vs. Precision:
High Accuracy and High Precision- Multiple correct answers.
Low Accuracy and High Precision- Multiple incorrect answers (similar answers).
High Accuracy and Low Precision- Varied correct answers.
Low Accuracy and Low Precision- Varied incorrect answers.
Rules for sig figs:
All numbers that are not zero are significant
Zeros in the middle of non-zero numbers are significant
Zeros after the decimal are significant
Zeros and coefficients in scientific notations are significant
Leading or beginning zeros are NOT significant
Zeros in a larger number without a decimal are NOT significant
Math rules for sig figs:
Examples for Sig Figs:
Normal examples:
2.2 cm = 2 sig figs
2.22cm = 3 sig figs
100.3cm= 4 sig figs
25.2 mL= 3 sig figs
1002= 4 sig figs
Weird examples:
Physical Vs. Chemical:
Physical Change: Does not alter the substance (Changes appearance)
Chemical change: You can never go back to the original substance.
Physical properties (Changes):
Chemical properties (Changes):
Elements/ Compounds/ Mixtures:
Elements:
Compounds:
Mixtures:
Any of the substances before that have been physically combined.
Homogenous- Uniform, same layer (Homo= Same)
Heterogenous- Not uniform, seperate layers (Hetero = different)
Aqueous mixtures (Aqueous meaning water)