Study questions Endocrine

TSH Effects on Thyroid Function

  • Correct choice: c. stimulates T4 and T3 production and secretion

Page 2: Hypothyroidism and Diabetes Management

  • Synthroid Follow-Up:

    • Return in c. 6 weeks to check response and TSH levels

    • Patients with CAD should receive: lower doses of thyroxine

  • Propylthiouracil:

    • Used to treat hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)

  • Medication for Hyperthyroidism:

    • Prescribe: Beta-Blockers (or the class)

    • Reason: To manage tachycardia before seeing endocrinologist

Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes

  • Confirmed values:

    • d. fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl

Increased Risk for Diabetes

  • Defined as:

    • a. Fasting glucose of 100 - 125 mg/dl

Counseling for Sulfonylureas/Meglitinides

  • Focus on:

    • b. signs of hypoglycemia and appropriate action

First-Line Medication for Type 2 Diabetes

  • Best choice: Metformin (Glucophage)

  • Combination Medication:

    • Yes, could be started on 2 meds simultaneously: Metformin + another agent

  • Mechanism of Action for Metformin:

    • a. increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin

Page 3: Diabetes Treatment Medications

  • Avandia (Rosiglitazone) Mechanism:

    • e. all of the above (stimulates glucose uptake, decreases liver glucose production, targets insulin resistance)

  • Education on Metformin Contradictions:

    • Absolute contraindications include:

      • a. Excessive ETOH treatment

      • b. Age >80

      • c. CHF requiring treatment

      • d. Kidney disease (creatinine >1)

  • DPP-4 Inhibitors Effect on Glucose Absorption:

    • Slows down glucose absorption in the intestines

  • Weight Gain Effects:

    • Unfavorable Drug: Insulin

Sulfonylureas Efficacy Duration

  • Typically effective for:

    • a. indefinitely

  • Diabetes Medications to Avoid:

    • a. Avandia (Risk for asthma and hypertension)

Precose (Acarbose) Side Effects

  • Expected to cause:

    • b. bloating and gastric distension

Page 4: Anemias Overview

  • Basic Mechanisms of Anemia:

    • a. Decreased production of RBCs

    • b. Increased destruction of RBCs

  • Micronutrient Deficiencies:

    • Most common microcytic anemia: Iron deficiency

    • Most common macrocytic anemia: Vitamin B12 deficiency or Folate deficiency