Jacksonian Era and Industrial Revolution Notes

The corrupt bargain involved John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay.
Andrew Jackson was the more popular candidate, but Henry Clay, the leader of the Whigs, supported Adams.
Adams won the presidency and appointed Clay as Secretary of State, which was then seen as a pathway to the presidency.
Clay never became president.
John Quincy Adams is considered one of the least effective presidents.

Andrew Jackson, known as "King Andrew,"
He is often depicted standing on a ripped-up copy of the Constitution, symbolizing his disregard for the law.
Jackson ignored a Supreme Court decision, leading to the Trail of Tears.
He forcefully removed Native Americans west to Oklahoma territory, ignoring the Supreme Court ruling (Worcester v. Georgia).
Jackson implemented the spoils system, emphasizing personal connections over qualifications.
$\text{Spoils System} \rightarrow \text{Who you knew, not what you know}$
This practice is associated with the Gilded Age.
The Pendleton Act was later passed to address issues with the spoils system.
Jackson was the first Democrat and was popular as an outsider.
He opposed and vetoed the National Bank, redistributing funds to pet banks (banks of his choosing).
Implemented the Specie Circular, requiring hard money (specie) for land purchases, which negatively impacted the West.
$\text{Specie Circular} \rightarrow \text{Hard Money Required for Land}$
This contributed to financial panics.
His enemies united to form the Whig party.

William Henry Harrison, or "Old Tippecanoe," was portrayed as a common man who lived in a log cabin and drank hard cider.
His campaign used imagery like the Alamo to rally support.

The Texas Revolution involved figures like Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie.
The Mexican dictator during this time was Santa Anna.
There was a ten-year gap between the Texas Revolution and the Mexican-American War.
Texas became the Lone Star Republic, with Sam Houston as its president.
Stephen Austin was an early land grant agent who recruited people to Texas.

William Henry Harrison ("Tippecanoe") died 30 days after taking office.
John Tyler, known as "Tippecanoe and Tyler too," became president.
The campaign was known as the Log Cabin Campaign.
Tyler was unpopular and acted more like a Democrat despite being considered a Whig.
He also served only one term.

Two waves of immigration and industrialization occurred, separated by the Civil War.
The first wave involved Irish and German immigrants.
The Irish were often looked down upon, while Germans had more resources and moved west as farmers.
Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall in New York City exemplify urban political machines.
Nativism: discrimination towards immigrants
These immigrants later aligned with populist movements and groups like the Grange.

Sectionalism increased as each region specialized economically, eventually leading to the Civil War.
The South was negatively affected.
The market revolution shifted from local economies to mass production and regional specialization.
Corporate farms emerged in the West, and large plantations in the South.