NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND ISOMERISM

Naming of branched hydrocarbon (1 branch)

• The longest chain containing maximum number of carbon atoms should be considered as the main chain and the remaining as branches.

• Each branch is named as an alkyl group, and its position is indicated by the number of the carbon atom to which it is attached. use the lowest number

• Name of alkyl group = Word root corresponding to the number of carbon atom / atoms in the branch + ‘yl

full writing = Position number of branch+ hyphen + name of alkyl group + word root + suffix (ane)

(2 branch) Naming

• If more than one branch is present, select the longest carbon chain. Number the carbon atoms from left to right or right to left in such a way that the carbon atoms with branches get the lowest position numbers.

• If the same branch appears more than once in a carbon chain, the number of branches is to be indicated using prefixes like di (two), tri (three), tetra (four) etc. Position numbers should be separated by commas.

FUCTIONAL GROUP

• Function grp should be in the main chain or attached into the main chain

• Function grp should have small number while counting

ISOMERS / ISOMERISM

• Compounds having same molecular formula but diffrent chemical and physical properties are called isomers

• the phenomenon is called isomerism

  4 types isomerism

• chain [compounds with same molecular formula but possess a diffrence in the chain structure ]

  

• position [ position of the functional grp is differ in 2 compounds having same molecular formula and functional grp]

  

• functional grp [ compunds having same molecular formula , but having a differ in their functional grp ]

  

• metamerism ( CO , O )

  It will only affect CO , O

  

  here only diffrence is the number diffrence to the left and right of O .that is metamerism

Aromatic hydrocarbon ( benzene )

cyclic compounds having their own aroma . benzene have industrial importance [ molecular formula = C6H6 ]