New Words 1

Core Vocabulary: Personal Characteristics and Features

  • Classification of Characteristics:

    • quality — качество (универсальный термин / universal term for general qualities).
    • traits — черты характера (character traits).
    • features — черты внешности (physical appearance features).

  • Personality Traits, Antonyms, and Related Phrasal Verbs:

    • reliable — надежный.
    • unreliable — ненадежный (opposite of reliable).
    • rely on — положиться на (phrasal verb meaning to depend or place trust in someone).
    • polite — вежливый.
    • impolite — невежливый (opposite of polite).
    • responsible — ответственный.
    • irresponsible — безответственный (opposite of responsible).
    • stubborn — упрямый.
    • generous — щедрый.
    • arrogant — высокомерный.
    • patient — терпеливый.
    • impatient — нетерпеливый (opposite of patient).
    • humble / demure — скромный.

Grammar: Degrees of Comparison for Adjectives (Сравнительная Степень)

  • Short Adjectives (Короткие прилагательные):

    • Formation Rules:
    • Comparative Degree: Formed by appending the suffix -er (frequently followed by than when making direct comparisons).
    • Superlative Degree: Formed by placing the before the adjective and appending the suffix -est.
    • Examples:
    • big→bigger (than)→the biggest\text{big} \rightarrow \text{bigger (than)} \rightarrow \text{the biggest}
    • short→shorter→the shortest\text{short} \rightarrow \text{shorter} \rightarrow \text{the shortest}
    • fast→faster→the fastest\text{fast} \rightarrow \text{faster} \rightarrow \text{the fastest}

  • Long Adjectives (Длинные прилагательные):

    • Formation Rules:
    • Comparative Degree: Formed by placing more (than) before the adjective.
    • Superlative Degree: Formed by placing the most before the adjective.

  • Exemplar Sentences in Context:

    • "she is the most generous person" — Superlative form applied to the multi-syllable adjective generous.
    • "he is more responsible than me" — Comparative form using more [adjective] than with responsible.
    • "they are the most arrogant people" — Superlative form using the most with arrogant.
    • "you should be more patient at school" — Comparative form using more with patient.

Reading Numbers and Dates (Как Читаем Даты / Числа)

  • Numerical Pronunciation:

    • 250 = two hundred and fifty

  • Date Pronunciation Rules & Patterns:

    • 1987 = nineteen / eighty seven (read by splitting the four-digit year into two separate two-digit numbers: nineteen and eighty-seven).
    • 2021 = two thousand and twenty one (read using the thousands numerical format).