CR angles

AP projection: toes

  • CR- 10 to 15° towards calcaneus

If a 15° wedge is placed under the foot for parallel part film alignment, the CR is perpendicular to the IR center CR to MTP joint in question.

AP oblique projection- Medial or lateral rotation: Toes

  • Rotate the leg and foot 30° to 45° medially

  • Use 45° Wedge

Tangential projection: Toes- Sesamoid

  • Dorsiflex the foot 15° to 20° angle

  • CR perpendicular to IR

  • Directed at Posterior aspect of first MTP joint

AP projection: Foot

  • Angle CR 10° posteriorly

  • A high arch requires a greater angle (15 Degrees)

  • A low arch near (5°)

AP oblique projection- Medial rotation: Foot

  • Rotate foot medially to place plantar surface 30° to 40° to plane of IR

  • Use 45° wedge

Lateral- Mediolateral Or Lateromedial Project: Foot

  • Place support under leg and knee as needed so that plantar surface is perpendicular to IR

  • Do not over rotate foot

AP weight-bearing projections: Foot

  • Demonstrates the bones of the feet to show condition of the longitudinal arches under the full weight of body

  • Erect, full weight evenly distributed on both feet

  • Angle CR 15° posteriorly to midpoint between feet at level of base of metatarsals

Plantodorsal (axial) projection: calcaneus

  • Direct CR to base of third metatarsal

  • Angle CR 40° cephalad

Dorsoplantar (axial) weight-bearing projection: Calcaneus

  • Standing upright position with weight placed on affected foot

  • Angle CR 45° anteriorly directed through the posterior surface of flexed ankle

AP oblique projection- 45° medial rotation: Ankle

  • If patient conditions allow dose flex, the foot so that the plantar surface is at least 80° to 85° from IR

  • Rotate leg and foot medially 45°

AP projection lower leg (Tibia and fibula)

  • Pelvis, knee and leg into true AP with no rotation

  • Place sandbag against foot if needed for stabilization end of flex foot to 90° to lower leg if possible

  • 14 × 17 cassette

AP projection: Knee

  • Parallel to articular facets

  • Rotate leg internally 3 to 5° for true AP knee

  • Thin thighs and buttocks (5° cuaded)

  • Average thigh and buttocks (0° angle)

  • Thick thighs and buttocks (5° cephalad)

AP oblique, projection medial rotation

  • Rotate entire leg internally 45°

AP oblique projection, lateral rotation

  • Rotate entire leg externally, 45°

Lateral- Medial lateral projection: Knee

  • Flex knee 20° to 30° for lateral recumbent projection

  • Angle CR 5 to 7° cephalad

  • Direct CR to a point 1 inch distal to medial epicondyle

AP weight-bearing bilateral knee projection

  • CR perpendicular to IR or 5 to 10° cuaded on thin patient

PA axle weight-bearing bilateral knee projection

  • Position feet straight ahead with weight evenly distributed on both feet and knees flexed to 45°

  • CR angled 10° cuaded Centered directly to midpoint between knee joints