Mid-Term Review

  • ASA Contraindications

    • Asthma exacerbation

    • Allergy

    • pediatric with viral symptoms

    • Hypersensitivity

    • Acute bleeding

  • Define COPD

    • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder

    • it is primarily caused by smoking

    • it is a disease that effects the respiratory system causing spasms of the bronchioles

  • Know the anatomy and roles of the respiratory system

    • Lungs

      • 5 lobes total (3right, 2 left)

      • Alveoli - Gas exchange

      • Bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

    • Thoracic cavity is the space with the lungs

    • Inspiration(breathing in) - diaphragm contracts, intercostal muscles contract and the thoracic cavity expands.

    • Expiration(breathing out) - Diaphragm relaxes, intercostal muscles relax and the thoracic cavity reduces.

    • Epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea

  • Entonox cautions

    • (SADFC)

    • Shock

    • Abd distention

    • Depressant drugs (alcohol)

    • Facial injury

    • COPD

  • Define enteral

    • direct to the GI tract including directly into the mouth, stomach, and intestines

  • Nitro, Lasix, Digoxin and ASA treat what conditions?

    • Nitro - cardiac chest pain caused by angina or acute coronary syndrome

    • ASA - Cardiac chest pain and symptoms consistent with cardiac ischemia

    • Lasix - potent loop diuretic ("water pill") used to treat edema (fluid retention) caused by congestive heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease, and to manage high blood pressure

    • Digoxin - cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation by strengthening heart contractions and slowing heart rate.

    • All treat cardiac problems with a focus on chest pain and heart failure

  • Define anaphylactic shock

    • anaphylactic shock is an allergic reaction including two or more body systems. Extreme allergic reaction. Usually effects skin and resp.

    • S/S

      • Respiratory distress

        Tightness in the chest or throat

        Wheezing/shallow breathes on

        auscultation

        Hypotension (lower BP)

        Tachycardia (high HR)

        Swelling / PCC Skin

        Redness or hives and itchiness

        Nausea and vomiting

        Dizziness (Decrease LOC)

        Decrease SPO2

        Syncope - fainting

    • Treatment

      • 15lpm O2 via

        Non-Rebreather Mask

        Assisting/Admin with EpiPen

        auto-injector

        Admin EPI I/M injection

        Position of comfort

        Rapid transport

        Supportive care

  • Review medical abbreviations (ex: PO, IM, MOI, DNR)

    • PO - By mouth/orally

    • IM - Intra muscular

    • MOI - Mechanism of injury

    • DNR - Do not Resuscitate

    • ABD - abdomen

  • Define subcutaneous

    • the fatty tissue layer directly beneath the dermis and epidermis of the skin

    • SubQ injections are under the skin

  • Define respiration

    • the biological process by which we exchange gases between our cells and the environment to produce energy. Breathing

  • Define evisceration

    • The removal of internal organs from the body typically the abdominal muscles. can happen post op or from severe trauma to the abd.

    • aka Disembowelment / Gutting

  • Define urticaria

    • Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by itchy, raised, red, or skin-colored welts (wheals) that appear suddenly. They are a common allergic reaction causing uncomfortable skin swelling, often lasting less than 24 hours per hive, though outbreaks can last weeks.

  • What common events occur during each phase of a generalized seizure?

    • Generalized Seizures

      • Aura – various sensations before

      • Tonic – stiff muscles/lose consciousness

      • Clonic – rhythmic twitching

      • Postictal – recovery/confusion/headache

  • Define status epilepticus

    • Status Epilepticus – long lasting seizure or repeating seizures – no recovery.

  • Breathing rate using adult BVM? Normal resp rates for adults?

    • 10-12 breaths per minute

  • Sign versus Symptom

    • Signs are objective, measurable findings observed by others (e.g. measuring fever)

    • symptoms are subjective experiences reported only by the patient

  • Pulse rate of infants?

    • 80-130

  • Define “general impression”

    • the initial, rapid assessment of a patient's overall condition—formed within seconds of seeing them—to determine if they are stable, unstable, or "sick vs. not sick"

  • Common cause of hypoglycemia? Hyperglycemia?

    • Hypo - taking too much diabetes medication, skipping or delaying meals, unexpected physical activity, and heavy alcohol consumption

    • Hyper - diabetes management issues, such as consuming too many carbohydrates, skipping insulin/medication, or inadequate dosage

  • What is ipecac used for?

    • Ipecac is an emetic historically used to induce vomiting in cases of emergency poisoning

  • List some “Airborne” diseases

    • TB

    • Pertussis (whooping Cough)

    • Meningitis

    • Aspergillosis

    • influenza (flu)

    • Covid

  • Define “medical oversight” and “scope of practice”

    • Medical oversight is the supervision, direction, and accountability provided by a qualified physician over medical services, ensuring they meet safety and quality standards.

    • Scope of practice defines the procedures, actions, and processes that a licensed professional is permitted to undertake, determined by state/provincial laws, education, and licensing bodies. It outlines the boundaries of professional competence, ensuring safety by dictating what a practitioner can legally do.

  • What body parts move to breath

    • Diaphragm, intercostal muschles, epiglottis

  • What body parts protect the lungs

    • thoracic lining, ribs,

  • Cautions for ento'

    • Shock

    • Abd distention'

    • Depressent drugs

    • Facial injury

    • Copd

  • Anaphylaxis causes

    • food allergies (peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, milk, eggs), insect stings (bees, wasps, hornets, fire ants), and medications (antibiotics like penicillin, NSAIDs). resulting in an allergic reaction involving 2 or more body systems

  • Contras to discontinue CPR

    • Hypothermia, Children,

  • Dosage for Nitro

    • 0.4 mg spray sublingual max 3 doses before calling clinicall

  • Name life threatening seizures

    • Status epilipticus

  • 1st phase of seizure

    • Aura

  • Contras for naloxone

    • Neonate

    • Allergy

  • Def: Brady vs tachy

  • What vital must be taken for all DLOC pts

  • Adult CPR Compression depth

  • “itis” -

  • Number of vertebrae