Industrialization

==Definition and Impact:==

• When society changes from agriculture to industry as its main economy and it began in Britain
• It changed the course of Western history and resulted in new technologies and innovations
• Most people moved out of the countryside into the cities
• Consumer culture began

==Urbanization==

• The movement of people from rural areas to cities
• People moved to where the work was
• When the economy shifted from agriculture to industry, people followed and moved to live near factories
• As a result, cities became large, sprawling, dirty places

==Global Immigration:==

• push and pull factors
• many people moved overseas from Britain to other British Empire countries, or to the USA
• Some migrated within Europe (e.g. Irish Famine, the 1840s)

==Triangle Shirtwaist Fire:==

• 1911: a fire started on the top floor, where 146 people died and more than 6,000 wounded
• Emergency exits had been locked because of the owner’s paranoia of thieves; this trapped them in
• Women and girls jumped to their deaths to avoid being burned
• This event spurred further action to organize and change workplace conditions
• Most of the employees had been recent Italian and Jewish immigrants, trying to feed their families

==Rise of Trade Unions:==

• In England, workers began to organize to negotiate better working wages and working conditions despite being outlawed in 1799
• “Luddites” - workers who destroyed machines that replaced human labor
• Unions legalized in England in 1872
• Unions legalized in France in 1884