Anthology - Before You Were Mine

I’m ten years away from the corner you laugh on

with your pals, Maggie McGeeney and Jean Duff.

The three of you bend from the waist, holding

each other, or your knees, and shriek at the pavement.

Your polka-dot dress blows round your legs. Marilyn.

I’m not here yet. The thought of me doesn’t occur

in the ballroom with the thousand eyes, the fizzy, movie tomorrows

the right walk home could bring. I knew you would dance

like that. Before you were mine, your Ma stands at the close

with a hiding for the late one. You reckon it’s worth it.

The decade ahead of my loud, possessive yell was the best one, eh?

I remember my hands in those high-heeled red shoes, relics,

and now your ghost clatters toward me over George Square

till I see you, clear as scent, under the tree,

with its lights, and whose small bites on your neck, sweetheart?

Cha cha cha! You’d teach me the steps on the way home from Mass,

stamping stars from the wrong pavement. Even then

I wanted the bold girl winking in Portobello, somewhere

in Scotland, before I was born. That glamorous love lasts

where you sparkle and waltz and laugh before you were mine.

THEMES:

  • memory

  • childhood

  • gender roles

  • aging

  • filial love

  • maternal/parental relationships

  • distance

FORM:

  • dramatic monologue

    • suggests a journey of personal discovery

STRUCTURE:

  • four regular quintains

    • represents stringent gender roles

  • free verse

    • creates a conversational tone suggesting a natural relationship

    • suggests freedom within stringent gender roles

  • enjambment

    • creates a conversational tone suggesting a natural relationship

    • suggests freedom within stringent gender roles

  • circular structure

    • suggests completed journey of discovery and close relationship

LANGUAGE:

  • rhetorical question, auditory imagery, colloquialism, superlative, time imagery - “the decade ahead of my loud, possessive yell was the best one, eh?“

  • single-word sentence, period - “Marilyn.“

  • synecdoche, sexual imagery, direct address - “your polka-dot dress blows round your legs“

  • polysyndeton, repetition, tricolon - “sparkle and waltz and laugh“

  • direct address, personal pronouns, time imagery, distance imagery - “I’m ten years away from the corner you laugh on“

  • rhetorical question, colloquialism, sexual imagery, direct address - “whose small bites on your neck, sweetheart?“

  • ‘r’ alliteration, colour imagery, synecdoche, caesura - “red shoes, relics“

  • expanded noun phrase, time imagery - “fizzy, movie tomorrows“

  • tense shift, religious imagery, direct address - “you’d teach me the steps on the way home from Mass“

CONTEXT:

  • written by Carol Ann Duffy

  • raised in the 1950s as a Roman Catholic, under stringent expectations of women

  • poetry often explores the lives of those dispossessed by society