Untitled Flashcards Set

Chapter 6

You should be able to describe the following from memory…

• The general characteristics, properties and types of molecules that are considered lipids

• The concept of an amphipathic molecule and its relationship to phospholipid bilayer structure

• The relationship between the charge, polarity, and size of a molecule and the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer

• How variation in the structural components of phospholipid bilayers (hydrocarbon tails of phospholipids, amount of cholesterol) affects their selective permeability

• The concepts of diffusion, osmosis, and concentration gradients as they relate to movement of water and other molecules across lipid bilayers

• The relationship between the "tonicity" of a cells environment and the movement of water into or out of the cell

• The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and types, roles, and characteristics of membrane proteins

• The characteristics of channel, carrier, and active transport membrane transport proteins and their roles in facilitated diffusion and active transport

Chapter 7 

We do not cover the entire chapter and you are only responsible for the material presented in lecture or outlined below. You should be able to describe the following from memory…

• The identity and function of the organelles/subcellular structures of bacterial, plant and animal cells 

• The concept of compartmentalization and its relationship to the increased complexity and functionality of eukaryotic cells as compared to prokaryotic cells.

• The relationship between a cell's organelles/subcellular structures and its function/capabilities

• The organelle components and relationships of the endomembrane system as it relates to protein transport and secretion

• The general components of the cytoskeleton and its function(s)

Chapter 8 

We do not cover the entire chapter and you are only responsible for the material presented in lecture or outlined below. You should be able to describe the following from memory...

• The general relationship between chemical reactions, the concepts of potential and kinetic energy and the laws of thermodynamics

• The general terminology and characteristics of chemical reactions

• The concept of the "rate of a chemical reaction" 

• The factors that determine a chemical reaction's rate, spontaneity and endergonic/exergonic character: temperature, concentration, change in enthalpy (chemical potential energy) and entropy (disorder), change in Gibbs Free Energy(ΔG).

• The characteristics of energetically coupled reduction-oxidation reactions (Redox reactions)

• The role of the energy storage molecule, ATP and the electron carriers, NADH and FADH₂ in the chemical reactions of life (metabolism, metabolic reactions)

• The definition and general characteristics an enzyme

• The general mechanism by which enzymes catalyze metabolic reactions

• The concept and mechanisms of enzyme "regulation": competitive inhibition, allosteric regulation, and covalent modification (phosphorylation)

• The concept of metabolic pathways and their regulation by feedback inhibition

Chapter 9

You should be able to describe the following from memory...

• The central role of "Glucose" in the metabolism of life

• The overall metabolic pathway(s) involved in glucose oxidation and production of ATP during cellular respiration

• How the general concepts of "Redox" reactions and "metabolic pathways" relates to cellular respiration.

• The stages/pathways of aerobic cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate processing, Kreb's Cycle (citric acid cycle); electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation including:

  • The cellular location where they occur

  • The metabolic inputs (substrates), outputs and type of energy storage molecules or electron carriers produced (products)

  • The mechanism by which ATP is produced during each stage (substrate level phosphorylation or chemiosmosis)

  • The relative amount of ATP produced during each stage of cellular respiration

• Examples of mechanisms that control the rate of energy production during cellular respiration

• The structure and organization of mitochondria in relationship to their role in cellular respiration.

• The concept of an "Electron Transport Chain" and its role in cellular respiration

• The role of oxygen as a "terminal electron acceptor" in cellular respiration

• The process(es) of fermentation and its function as an alternative to cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen