AMSCO 6 (1)
European Expansion in Africa
During the mid-1800s, European nations increased their presence in Africa, driven by advancements in military technology and medicine. The discovery of quinine made malaria treatment possible, enhancing safety in hot climates, while steamships aided exploration and trade.
British Control of Egypt
To shorten the travel route to Asia, European aspirations led to the construction of the Suez Canal, completed in 1869, measuring 100 miles. Although French companies oversaw its construction, about 1.5 million Egyptians, many as unpaid corvée laborers, did the labor, with thousands dying during the ten-year project. In 1882, unrest prompted Britain to seize control of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire to protect its commercial interests.
British Colonization in West Africa
By the mid-19th century, Britain had established colonies in West Africa, promoting Western education, the English language, and Christianity:
Sierra Leone (1787): A refuge for freed slaves.
Gambia (1816): A base against the export of enslaved people.
Lagos: Became a crown colony in 1861, crucial for annexation in Nigeria.
Ghana: Acquired gradually; the Gold Coast became a crown colony in 1874, and control over the Asante Empire was achieved by 1901.
Through diplomacy and military action, Britain expanded its territory; notably, a 1873 treaty with King Jaja of Opobo recognized him as a ruler and established favorable trade conditions, but many treaties with African leaders proved ineffective against European encroachment.
French Colonial Expansion in Africa
France expelled the Ottomans from Algeria in 1830, transforming it into a settler colony by 1870, attracting immigrants from Spain, Italy, Malta, and France. In the 1870s, France established trading posts in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Niger to compete with British holdings in West Africa.
European Expansion in Africa
During the mid-1800s, European nations increased their presence in Africa due to military technology and medical advancements.
The discovery of quinine improved malaria treatment, while steamships facilitated exploration and trade.
British Control of Egypt
The Suez Canal, completed in 1869, was built to shortern the travel route to Asia, measuring 100 miles.
Constructed mainly by 1.5 million Egyptians, thousands died during the ten-year project.
Britain seized control of Egypt in 1882 to protect its commercial interests after civil unrest.
British Colonization in West Africa
Britain established colonies in West Africa by the mid-19th century, promoting Western education, the English language, and Christianity.
Sierra Leone (1787): A refuge for freed slaves.
Gambia (1816): A base against the export of enslaved people.
Lagos: Became a crown colony in 1861, pivotal for Nigeria's annexation.
Ghana: The Gold Coast turned into a crown colony in 1874; control over the Asante Empire established by 1901.
Britain expanded its territory through treaties and military actions, though many treaties with African leaders were ineffective.
French Colonial Expansion in Africa
France expelled the Ottomans from Algeria in 1830, turning it into a settler colony by 1870, attracting European immigrants.
In the 1870s, France established trading posts in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Niger to compete with British influence in West Africa.
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