Study guide BIO test 3

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### Study Guide 7: Dihybrid Crosses, Sex-Linked Inheritance, and Human Genetics

1. What is a "Dihybrid cross"?

2. After filling in the Punnett square, if you counted 10 corn kernels that were yellow and wrinkled, about how many would you expect to find with the purple/smooth phenotype?

3. List 2 human diseases that are "sex-linked".

4. What is a pedigree?

5. How many of the hypothetical "babies" produced in your class were identical?

6. How many alleles control hair color in humans? How many for eye color? What kind of dominance do these traits represent?

7. What does the 9:3:3:1 ratio refer to?

8. What is the difference between a "gene" and an "allele"?

9. How many alleles are involved in a dihybrid cross? How many genes?

10. Which of these is dominant: tongue-rolling, color-blindness, ability to taste PTC, widow's peak?

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### Study Guide 8: Evolution, Natural Selection, Sexual Selection

1. Given equal alleles for a trait like "freeze reflex," how many people likely started as heterozygotes (25%, 30%, 50%, 75%, or 100%)? How many were homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive?

2. What types of selection did you simulate this week?

3. How many individuals that were homozygous recessive for both freeze reflex and disguise (camouflage) survived in most cases?

4. Did the number of genotypes change over the generations?

5. Did the allele frequencies (%) change over the generations?

6. Regarding bright males and choosy females, what trait was selection favoring?

7. Did the frequency of bright males and choosy females increase, decrease, or stay the same?

8. Why wasn't it necessary to roll dice for survival in the second investigation?

9. Did the allele for brightness affect females?

10. Did the allele for choosiness affect males?

11. At the end, did choosy females also carry the allele for brightness?

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### Study Guide 9: Cladistics/Phylogenetic Systematics, Kingdoms

1. What are the characteristics of the members of the 5 kingdoms?

2. In a vertebrate cladogram, what trait do reptiles and mammals share that amphibians lack?

3. For butterflies, what is the closest living relative of E?

4. For butterflies, what is the closest living relative of A?

5. Draw the final tree of butterflies, then redraw with different letters but the same relationships.

6. Are butterflies B and D more closely related to each other or to the ancestor?

7. How many butterflies share the characteristic of having a dark forewing?

8. What do we call the group formed by the butterflies in #7?

9. In the scavenger hunt, who is most closely related to "I have no teeth but eat meat"?

10. What two organisms are related to the pine-cone group in the scavenger hunt?

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