Humanistic Psychology

  • Psychological force 1: psychoanaluctic (psychodynamic)

    • emphasis on the uncocious

      • motivation is contained in the unconcious mind

      • adulthood is shaped by childhood events and unconcious conflict

      • Freud’s Iceberg Theory

    • intrpsychic forces determine behavior and that early childhood experiences significantly shape individual personalities.

      • mediated through three structures of the mind

        • id: primal desires basic nature

        • ego: reason and self control

        • superego: quest for perfection

    • focus on the past

      • determinism: most of our behavior stems from past experience and personality is set by age 7 and does not change except from effort (therapy)

    • psychosexual stages of development

      • oral stage: birth to one year

      • anal stage: one to three years

      • phallic stage: three. to six years

      • latent stage: six to puberty

      • genital stage; puberty to death

    • focus on defense mechanisms

      • primative defense mechanisms:

        • avoidance: dissimissing thoughts or feelings that make us uncomfortable (can keep people isolated away from people or places)

        • denial: dismissing external reality and focusing on internal reality (ex. someone who is in debt and keeps shopping excessively)

        • regression: adapting ones behavior to an earlier stage (bed wetting in older years)

      • higher level defense mechanisms

        • anticipation: devoting effort to something before it arises to better your chances (preparing for a presentation weeks in advance will help you do better)

        • humor: something really negative happens and you cope by making light through laughing with people

        • rationalization: someone who steals money because they need it more than who they stole it from is rationalizing their behavior

  • Psychological force 2: Behaviorism

    • observable bahvaiors

      • no interest in thoughts or feelings

    • focus on stimulus response behaviors

      • classical conditioning

      • Pavlov Dog Experient

        • before conditioning: unconditioned stimulus= unconditioned response, neutral stimulus= no response

    • focus on reinforcement

      • operant conditioning: behavior is determined by reinforcement or punishment

      • reinforcement: positive: add and increased behavior, negative: take away and increased behavior

      • punishment: positive: add and decreased behavior, negative: take away and decreased behavior

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