WW2

WWII Study Guide

Isolationism – when the U.S didn’t want to be involved in the war, and they didn’t take sides in the war

Neutrality Acts - legislation passed by Congress in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939 designed to keep the United States out of European conflicts, such as the Spanish Civil War

Lend Lease - legislation passed by Congress in 1941 adopting a plan to lend arms to Britain

Cash and Carry-policy that negotiated the destroyer – for bases deal and enacted the lend lease act.

Atlantic Charter – a document that established goals for the post -war

Pearl Harbor Attack – The Japanese attacked a military base which was Pearl Harbor, and this made the U.S enter the war.

Japanese Internment- an executive order issued by FDR in 1942 allowing internment camps to be set up to exclude current residents believed to be a threat to security. a center for confining people who have been relocated for reasons of national security.

Korematsu vs United States - the Court upheld his conviction on the grounds that a group's civil rights can be set aside in a time of war. Three of the nine justices dissented from this opinion, including Justice Robert H. Jackson, who expressed his fear that "the Court for all time has validated the principle of racial discrimination in criminal procedure and of transplanting American citizens."

Homefront - Transition from peacetime to wartime economy-price controls, War Production Board

Personal sacrifices for the War-Rationing, victory gardens

military mobilization efforts-military draft

contributions to the war effort-war bonds, scrap drives

propaganda efforts by the government

Job opportunities in the civilian workforce and in the military opened for women and minorities

D-Day invasion – kicked Germany out of France, 156,000 troops participated in the first wave . The turning of WW2

Marginalized groups and their experiences during World War II included:

·       African Americans (e.g., Double V Campaign) – Black people found limited employment in defense plants. African Americans looked for equality in the workplace and in the military. They put an end to segregation and discrimination and helped with the war. More than One million African American's served in the in the U.S military during the war. Created in 1941 a leading black newspaper called for victory over our enemies on the battle fields abroad.

·       Japanese Americans (e.g., internment camps)- Japanese Americans who lived in America after the Pearl habor attack were questioned about their loyalty. so they sent them to interment camps

·       American Indians (e.g., Navajo Code Talkers)- American Indians served as code talkers communicating messages during the war that enemies couldn’t understand. used to transmit in the pacific theater based on the Navajo code language, Navajo words frequently substituted for military terms the code never broke .

·       Mexican Immigrants (e.g., Bracero Program).- They helped keep agricultural going during the war . established due to wartime labor shortage. experienced Mexican laborers brought in for CA farm work; expanded nationwide. Braceros also worked for U.S railroads. Reported human rights abuses lawsuits filed to collect savings withheld from bracero pay.

Manhattan Project - Develop the first atomic bomb during world war 2, Cost more than 25 billion, albert Einstein encourage the idea of a bomb needing to be built . The father of the atomic bomb was J. Robert Oppenheimer. the name of the first bomb test was the trinity test .

Dropping the Bomb - It was a warning for japan . the Japanese army would be allowed to return home. Japan will be allowed to maintain industries and a military defense but must disarm themselves. August 6 Hiroshima The uranium and fat boy Nagakai august 9 was dropped. total combination of deaths 250,000 people by the end of 1945. After the second bomb was dropped The Japanese surrender and signed in September.