Intro to Law Enforcement Chapter 4

Fragmentation- A structure of police departments without any central governing agency, resulting from municipalities, counties and communities creating their own departments to provide for local law enforcement

Contracting- paying another department because you aren't available, they do it because its cheaper 

County Sheriff- an elected county official who is responsible for all three components of the criminal justice system: law enforcement, courts, corrections

Four different models of Sheriffs departments - Full service model- all facets (law, courts, corrections) 

Law Enforcement Model- L/E

Civil Judicial model- court 

Correctional Model- courts, corrections 

Constable- a peace officer who is empowered to serve writes and warrants but has a smaller jurisdiction than a sheriff

Coroner office-  responsible for a wide range of activities, including death scenes, conducting autopsies, and determining the cause of violence or unexpected. 

Death Certificate- 1.Natural Causes 2. Accidental 3.Suicide 4.Homicide 5.Pending Investigation 6. Undetermined 


How to determine this person has died right at this scene

1. Pallor Mortis- (Skin color), white and pale

2.Algor Mortis- degrees in temperature your (bodies temperature)

3.Livor Mortis- Blood pooling fluids (flow to the lowest point)

4.  Rigor Mortis- chemical reaction in your mussels 1-36 hours (muscle) 

Special District Police- Serve particular government agencies or special geographic boundaries

Tribal Police- In a number of important respects, tribes and reservations, are not subject to federal or state laws

Indian Self- Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975- This law gives Indian nations the right to establish their own framework and to establish their own performance standards for their police departments. 


President George W. Bush restructured federal law enforcement roles and responsibilities into two departments:

Department of Justice- (Investigative)

Department of Homeland Security-(Taticial)

1 Customs and Boarder Protection (CBP)

—> (2) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

(3) Federal Emergency Management

  • Customs and Border Protection- Charged with regulating and facilitating international trade, collecting import duties, and enforcing U.S regulations, including trade, customs, and immigration.  

  • —> Immigration Naturalization Service

  • —> Border Patrol  

  • —> US Customs Service

  • —> Inspection Service 

  • —> Agricultural Quarantine Inspection program 

Transportation Security Administration- Authority over the security of the traveling public in the United States, chiefly concerned with air travel screening officers in airports, armed Federal Air marshals on planes, mobile teams of dog handlers, and explosives specialists

U.S Coast Guard- The maritime security, search and rescue, military, multi- mission service, law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces, with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters and a federal regulatory agency mission as part of it’sm duties

Drug Enforcement Administration- Sole mission is primarily dedicated to reducing the supply of illegal drugs to residents in the United States with responsibility for coording and pursuing drug investigations both domestically and abroad 

Federal Bureau of Investigation- The domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and It’s principal mission focuses on U.S. counter-terrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigations  

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives- Responsibilities include the investigation and prevention of federal offenses involving the unlawful use, manufacture, and possession of firearms and explosives; the sale, possession, transportation of firearms, ammunition, and explosives in interstate commerce acts of arson and bombings; and illegal trafficking and tax evasion of alcohol and tobacco products.

U.S Marshals Service- Primarily responsible for the protection of judges and other judicial personnel, the administration of fugitive operations, the management of criminal assets, the operation of the United States Federal Witness Protection Program and the Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System, the execution of Federal arrest warrants and the protection of senior government officials through the Office of Protective Operations. 

Bureau of Prisons- Responsible for the care, custody, and control of incarcerated individuals by ensuring that federal offenders serve their sentences of imprisonment in facilities that are safe, humane, cost efficient, and appropriately secure, and provide reentry programming to ensure their successful return to the community 

Started 1789

127 prions in the entire state, 37 states (woman 29)

Levels 

Administrative (sick)

Maximum (High)

Medium 

Minimum 

Low

The Private security industry- A business which provides armed/unarmed services to clients 

Private security organizations display four characteristics that specifically differentiate them from the public law enforcement:

  • Focus on Assets

  • Alternative results 

  • Focus on Prevention 

  • Private Property/ Public Jurisdiction

  • Public law enforcement relies heavily on the U.S Supreme Court to define those standards for police procedure.

    The Role of the state Governments in Public Safety

The most important role of state governments is certification minimum requirements of all sworn officers working with public 

  • Police Training Commission Standards

  • Security Officer Registration Act

  • (SORA) Standards- 24hrs