Symposium ( Bleake)

RESEARCH ETHICS — TOPIC IV–XXV


Identification


116. What concerns how we formulate the research, treat participants, collect and manage data, interpret findings, work with co-investigators, and honestly communicate what was discovered?


Answer: Research ethics


117. What are the 3 things that research ethics must protect?


Answer: The People, The Truth, The Trust


118. What principle states that scientific value does not override human dignity?


Answer: Important Principle


119. What ethical principle refers to participants as autonomous individuals with rights?


Answer: Respect for Persons


120. What does informed consent require?


Answer: Information, Understanding, Voluntariness


121. What ethical principle means maximizing possible benefits and minimizing harm?


Answer: Beneficence


122. What ethical principle means distributing research burdens and benefits fairly?


Answer: Justice


123. What condition does not automatically mean exclusion but means additional safeguards may be needed?


Answer: Vulnerability


124. What involves honesty, accuracy, transparency, accountability, responsible reporting, and proper attribution?


Answer: Research integrity


125. What is making up data or results?


Answer: Fabrication


126. What is manipulating data or procedures?


Answer: Falsification


127. What is using others’ work or ideas without proper credit?


Answer: Plagiarism


128. What is the principle that ethics does not begin and end with ERB approval?


Answer: Ethical responsibility follows the entire life of the study.


129. What body reviews researcher qualifications, protocol soundness, risk-benefit ratio, informed consent, recruitment, privacy, and confidentiality safeguards?


Answer: Ethics Review Board


130. What type of ethics review meets exemption criteria?


Answer: Exempt Review


131. What type of ethics review is for qualifying minimal-risk or low-risk studies?


Answer: Expedited Review


132. What type of ethics review is for studies with greater risk or ethical complexity?


Answer: Full Board Review


Enumeration


133. Enumerate the 3 things to protect under Research Ethics.


Answer:


  1. Protect the People

  2. Protect the Truth

  3. Protect the Trust


134. Enumerate the 5 situations that create ethical problems.


Answer:


  1. Participants are treated merely as sources of data.

  2. Consent is absent or meaningless.

  3. Risks are hidden or minimized.

  4. Vulnerable groups are exploited.

  5. Scientific goals are placed above human welfare.


135. Enumerate the 3 core ethical principles.


Answer:


  1. Respect for Persons

  2. Beneficence

  3. Justice


136. Enumerate the 3 requirements of Informed Consent.


Answer:


  1. Information

  2. Understanding

  3. Voluntariness


137. Enumerate the 7 possible harms of research.


Answer:


  1. Psychological distress

  2. Social stigma

  3. Reputational damage

  4. Economic harm

  5. Legal risk

  6. Breach of privacy

  7. Loss of confidentiality


138. Enumerate the 6 questions Justice asks.


Answer:


  1. Who is being recruited?

  2. Why are they being recruited?

  3. Who carries the burden?

  4. Who benefits from the findings?


Note: The file actually lists 4 questions here, not 6.


139. Enumerate the 6 sources from which vulnerability may arise.


Answer:


  1. Age

  2. Dependency

  3. Poverty

  4. Stigma

  5. Limited power

  6. Institutional relationships


140. Enumerate the 6 components of Research Integrity.


Answer:


  1. Honesty

  2. Accuracy

  3. Transparency

  4. Accountability

  5. Responsible Reporting

  6. Proper Attribution


141. Enumerate the 3 major forms of Research Misconduct.


Answer:


  1. Fabrication

  2. Falsification

  3. Plagiarism


142. Enumerate the 7 examples of Questionable Research Practices.


Answer:


  1. Selective citation

  2. Gift or honorary authorship

  3. Duplicate publication

  4. Exaggerating findings

  5. Hiding unfavorable results

  6. Misuse of seniority

  7. Supporting predatory journals


143. Enumerate the 5 stages of the Research Lifecycle.


Answer:


  1. PLAN

  2. REVIEW

  3. COLLECT

  4. ANALYZE

  5. REPORT



149. Enumerate the 7 things the ERB reviews.


Answer:


  1. Researcher qualifications

  2. Protocol soundness

  3. Risk-benefit ratio

  4. Informed consent

  5. Recruitment

  6. Privacy

  7. Confidentiality safeguards


150. Enumerate the 3 types of Ethics Review.


Answer:


  1. Exempt Review

  2. Expedited Review

  3. Full Board Review


151. Enumerate the 4 groups sharing responsibility for ethical research.


Answer:


  1. Researcher

  2. Adviser/Supervisor

  3. Institution

  4. ERB