Ecological Succesions

Primary Ecological Succession

  • happens over hundreds of years

New area = rocky and lifeless

After a while, rocks break down into soil due to weathering & pioneer organisms start to appear (e.g moss)

Over time, soil starts to become deeper & small plants and animals start to establish (e.g grass, herbs, birds and insects)

Later soil becomes deep enough for small trees and shrubs to establish, thus attracting more and larger animals

Environment is now fully developed with a variety of large trees, plants and animals

Secondary Ecological Succession

  • happens after an event, at which some disturbance destroys all vegetation

Event occurs - disturbance destroys all vegetation

1-2 years later - Annual plants sprout & Pioneer species arrive

3-4 years later - Grasses and perennials occur & Intermediate species arrive

5 - 150 years - Shrubs and trees occur & beginning of climax community

Mature forest reached