ABC Boating Section 14: Trailering

Trailering Statistics

• 90% of recreational boats in the U.S. are trailerable.

• Trailers present challenges and risks for boaters.

• Major causes of trailering accidents:

  • Improper trailer maintenance

  • Driver error

  • Improper loading of the boat on the trailer

Trailer and Boat Compatibility

• Variety of trailers available for different boat types.

• Ensure the boat and trailer fit each other:

  • Trailer must support the total weight of the boat, motor, fuel, and gear.

  • Data plate on the left side of the trailer shows weight capacity and tire size.

  • Trailer capacity should exceed the total weight by at least 15% for safety.

• Use public scales to weigh the trailer rig.

Proper Loading and Support

• A larger trailer is easier to handle and safer.

• Load must be evenly distributed to avoid stressing the hull.

• Supports needed under the engine, fuel tanks, and batteries.

• Consult with boat manufacturer for trailer selection.

Trailer Tires and Maintenance

• Many boat trailers have small diameter tires that spin faster than vehicle tires.

• Smaller tires often require high pressure (up to 60 PSI); low pressure can cause overheating.

• Always check tire pressure when tires are cold and don’t forget the spare tire.

Wheel Bearing Protection

• Wheel bearing condition is critical; use bearing protectors to keep grease in.

• Overfilling grease can lead to seal failure; follow manufacturer directions.

Safety Chains

• Safety chains required for legal reasons.

• Chains must be crossed under the trailer tongue and strong enough to support the fully loaded trailer.

• Allow slack for turning.

• Use secure forms of connections like safety links to prevent accidental disconnection.

Winches

• Winches are used to load boats onto trailers; ensure they are in good condition.

• No one should be in line with the cable or strap during loading.

• Use strong straps for boats over 14 feet; be cautious of the ratchet on hand-cranked winches.

Wheel Jacks and Tie Downs

• A wheel jack is essential for changing tires on trailers.

• Tie downs are critical to prevent the boat from shifting during transit.

• Secure all equipment inside the boat, including portable fuel tanks.

State Regulations

• Most states require trailer registration and specific safety equipment.

• Consult local authorities for all regulations regarding trailers.

Tow Vehicle Requirements

• The tow vehicle must have enough power to handle the boat and trailer.

• Check the vehicle manual for maximum trailer weights and tongue weights.

• Heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans are preferable for towing.

Tow Vehicle Equipment

• Equipment may include:

  • Heavy-duty engine, battery, alternator, brakes, and suspension systems.

  • Trailer tow packages often include necessary towing equipment.

Hitching System and Tongue Weight

• The total trailer rig weight must not exceed the hitch load capacity.

• Proper tongue weight should be about 5-7% of total weight.

• Adjust balance through gear placement, axle location, or boat position on the trailer.

Pre-Trip Checklist

• Perform a last-minute equipment check before departure.

• Use a pre-trip checklist specific to your boat, trailer, and vehicle.

Trailer Operation Tips

• Practice towing before driving on highways; get an experienced driver to accompany you.

• Distance and space requirements increase with a trailer.

• Steering and driving feel different with added weight.

Backing Up the Trailer

• Practice in an empty lot to improve skills.

• A helpful technique is to hold the steering wheel at the bottom and turn in the direction you want the trailer to go.

Highway Operation

• Use good weather conditions for your first highway experience with a trailer.

• Maintain a greater distance from other vehicles and be cautious about passing.

• Monitor sounds and handling; stop if anything seems unusual.

Pre-Launching Procedures

• Be prepared at the launch ramp; check for hazards.

• Avoid immersing warm bearings in cold water.

• Remove tie downs, but keep the winch cable attached until ready.

Launching the Boat

• Back slowly, keeping your vehicle out of the water if possible.

• Guide the boat carefully while releasing the winch cable.

• Be ready for the boat's movement; secure it promptly once in the water.

Hauling Out Procedures

• After use, guide the boat back onto the trailer using bow and stern lines.

• Ensure cranking systems are engaged before securing the boat.

• Drain the boat and secure equipment upon departure.

Sailboat Trailering

• Sailboats are often trailered similarly to powerboats but require lowering masts horizontally.

• Exercise caution when raising/lowering masts to avoid electrical wires.

Trailer Maintenance

• Grease bulbs and sockets to prevent corrosion if wet frequently.

• Inspect the trailer for rust and deterioration, especially tires.

  • Deterioration often occurs before tires show wear.

• Store tires in a safe place when not in use.

Theft Protection

• Lock the trailer hitch and wheels, store the boat out of sight, and use unique identifying marks.