Additional terms

General Senses: Receptors distributed throughout the body (pain, temperature, pressure, vibration, proprioception).
Special Senses: Complex receptors (olfaction, gustation, vision, hearing).
Sensation Requirements:
1. Stimulus: Change in environment.
2. Receptor: Structure altered by stimulus that generates action potential.
3. Conduction: Impulse conducted to brain.
4. Translation: Conscious awareness of condition.
Sensory Modality: Type of sensation (e.g., pain, touch).
Projection: Brain's ability to determine stimulus location.
Referred Pain: Misinterpretation of pain location (e.g., heart pain perceived in arm).
Sensory Adaptation: Decrease in sensation intensity over time (common in taste/smell).
After Image: Sensation persists after stimulus removal (phantom images post-amputation).
Analgesia: Absence of pain (caused by analgesics).
Anesthesia: Absence of sensation (anesthetics remove sensations).

Tonic Receptors: Always active; frequency changes with stimulation.
Phasic Receptors: Active only when stimulated.
Exteroceptors: Sensitive to external changes (e.g., touch receptors in skin).
Teloceptors: Detect distant changes (e.g., eye, ear).
Proprioceptors: Sense body position/motion (kinesthetic sense).
Interoceptors: Deal with internal sensations (malaise).

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA): Stroke; blood flow interruption to the brain.
Dementia: Loss of intellectual functions.
Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Temporary brain blood flow disruption.