Ch. 22 Key Terms #1

Correct answer:

Hyperventilation

is increased ventilation rate that leads to abnormally low blood carbon dioxide and high (alkaline) blood pH.

The

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cardiac notch

is the indentation on the surface of the lt lung that allows space for the heart.

The

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pleural fluid

is the substance that acts as a lubricant for the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura during the movement of breathing.

The

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alveolus

is a small, grape-like sac that performs gas exchange in the lungs.

The

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trachea

is the tube composed of cartilaginous rings and supporting tissue that connects the lung bronchi and the larynx; provides a route for air to enter and exit the lungs.

The

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total lung capacity (TLC)

is the total amount of air that can be held in the lungs; sum of TV, ERV, IRV, and RV.

The

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laryngopharynx

is the portion of the pharynx bordered by the oropharynx superiorly and esophagus and trachea inferiorly; serves as a route for both air and food.

The

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fauces

is the portion of the posterior oral cavity that connects the oral cavity to the oropharynx.

The

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tidal volume (TV)

is the amount of air that normally enters the lungs during quiet breathing.

The

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nares

are the openings of the nostrils.

The

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visceral pleura

is the innermost layer of the pleura that is superficial to the lungs and extends into the lung fissures.

The

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palatine tonsil

is one of the paired structures composed of lymphoid tissue located anterior to the uvula at the roof of isthmus of the fauces. 

The

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epiglottis

is the leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is a portion of the larynx that swings close to the trachea during swallowing.

The

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respiratory cycle

is one sequence of inspiration and expiration.

The

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pulmonary artery

is the artery that arises from the pulmonary trunk and carries deoxygenated blood to the alveoli.  Consists of a lt and rt.

Correct answer:

Ventilation

is movement of air into and out of the lungs; consists of inspiration and expiration.

The

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bronchus

is the tube connected to the trachea that branches into many subsidiaries and provides a passageway for air to enter and leave the lungs.

Quiet breathing is also known as

Correct answer:

eupnea

.

The

Correct answer:

alae

are the small, flaring structures of the nostrils that form the lateral sides of the nares.

The

Correct answer:

respiratory volume

is varying amounts of air within the lungs at a given time.