history study guide

Study map

Council of Chalcedon: humanity and divinity of Jesus

Two natures one person
Monophysites: One nature (human)

Justinian

Tries to reclaim the west
Expands to Italy and North Africa
Law code: Corpius Julius civilious
Codex
Digest: opinions
Institutes
Novella: new laws

Historian: Procopius

Theodora

Dad: heart attack
Mom: remarries drunkard
Theodora and her sister have to make the living
Dancers
Side piece of King
Stops in Alexandria
She finds monks
Converts to Christianity
Catches the eye of Justinian
Lowest class- changes law

Theodora as an empress

Improved legal status
Women can own property
Institutions
Hospitals
Orphanages
Churches
Housed prostitutes
Islamic vocab
  * Jahiliyya- time of ignorance
  * Bedouins- arab nomads
  * Oasis- fertile spot of water in desert
  * Ka’ba- cube like building
  * Muslim- one who submits
  * Islam- submission
  * Quran- Mohammed’s revelation from Gabriel
  * Surah- chapter
  * Aya- verse
  * The opening- 1st chapter
  * Sunna- things Mohammed said
  * Hadith- sunna in narrative form
  * Muezzin- person who issues call
  * Minaret- the box that muezzin stands on
  * Da’ Wah- peaceful call to come to Islam
  * Jihad- conversion through force

Important dates

610- the first revelation
  * Ramadan
  * Meditating in cave
  * Angel Gabriel- worship Allah
610 to 632- mohammed’s revelation period
632-mohammed dies
622- hegira
* Journey from Mecca to Medina
* Start of Islam calendar

Wars

Battle of Badr
  * 624
  * Win
  * Reason- allah fights for his people
Battle of Uhud
  * 625
  * lose
  * Reason- not enough faith
Triumphant Takeover of Mecca
  * 630
  * No death
  * Circle the ka’ba 7 times
  * Destroys 360 idols, keeps black stone

  Mosques
  * Grand Mosque
  * Prophet's Mosque
  * Prophet’s prayer mosque
  * Dome of the rock

Jews- welcomed Mohammed

  1. abraham=important
  2. Oneness of God
  3. Corruption idols

Ahl Al-Kitab= people who have religious texts

kafir= people who have rejected

ummiyyum= people with no revelation

  5 pillars
  * Shahada- statement of faith
  * Salat- ritual prayer
  * Zakat- almsgiving
  * Salum- fasting
  * Hajj- pilgrimage

  Islam rejects:
  * Trinity
  * Deity of Jesus
  * Incarnation
  * The need for Jesus to die
  * Reliability of the bible

  Islam believes:
  * Salvation comes through works
  * Allah reveals his will; not himself

  France
  * Merovingians dynasty
    * Clovis
      * Introduces christianity
      * \
    * Do nothing kings
    * Gave away fiefs (land) for loyalty
      * Real power- mayors of the palace

  * Caroligian dynasty
    * Pepin of Heristal
      * Reunite territories
    * Charles Martel
      * “Hammer”
      * Defeats muslims at battle of Tours
    * Pepin the short
      * All the powers of king but wanted crown
      * Pope Stephen- fights lombards, pepin donates the Papal States to him
    * Carloman
    * Charlemagne
      * Conquest: avars, Saxons, Lombards, Muslims
      * Coronation: christmas in 800, pope Leo III
      * Caroline script: aix-la-chapelle
    * Louis the pious
    * 3 sons fight
      * Charles the bald- west
      * Louis the German- East
      * Lothair- middle

    * Capetian dynasty
      * Hugh Capet
        * Primogeniture- the first born gets the crown
      * Phillip II
        * Fought King John
        * Bailiffs- taxes
      * Louis IX
        * Court of appeals- weakens feudal ties
      * Phillip IV
        * States general- allows commoners to join council
        * Centralized government and democracy

    England
    * Vikings
      * Pillage
      * Rape women
      * Steal everything
      * Became christians
      * Divisions
        * Danes
        * Norwegians
        * swedes

      * Rulers
        * Alfred the Great
          * Defeats Danes
          * Found English navy
          * Shires: counties
          * Shire-reeves: sheriffs
          * Anglo Saxon Chronicle- history of England
        * Canute
          * Danish ruler
          * Assimilated saxons and danes
        * Edward the confessor
          * Descendant of Alfred and Canute
          * Dies in 1066 without an heir
        * The fight for the throne
          * Harold Godwinson
            * Wessex
            * Reason: Most powerful english noble
          * William
            * Normandy
            * Reason: Promised the throne by edward
          * Harald Hadrada
            * Norway
            * Reason: had viking kings before
      * Stamford bridge
        * Godwinson vs HadradaGodwinson vs Hadrada
      * Godwinson wins

      * Battle of Hastings
        * William against Harold
      * Bayeux Tapestry- records events of the battle of Hastings