history study guide
Study map
Council of Chalcedon: humanity and divinity of Jesus
- Two natures one person
- Monophysites: One nature (human)
Justinian
- Tries to reclaim the west
- Expands to Italy and North Africa
- Law code: Corpius Julius civilious
- Codex
- Digest: opinions
- Institutes
- Novella: new laws
Historian: Procopius
Theodora
- Dad: heart attack
- Mom: remarries drunkard
- Theodora and her sister have to make the living
- Dancers
- Side piece of King
- Stops in Alexandria
- She finds monks
- Converts to Christianity
- Catches the eye of Justinian
- Lowest class- changes law
Theodora as an empress
- Improved legal status
- Women can own property
- Institutions
- Hospitals
- Orphanages
- Churches
- Housed prostitutes
- Islamic vocab
- Jahiliyya- time of ignorance
- Bedouins- arab nomads
- Oasis- fertile spot of water in desert
- Ka’ba- cube like building
- Muslim- one who submits
- Islam- submission
- Quran- Mohammed’s revelation from Gabriel
- Surah- chapter
- Aya- verse
- The opening- 1st chapter
- Sunna- things Mohammed said
- Hadith- sunna in narrative form
- Muezzin- person who issues call
- Minaret- the box that muezzin stands on
- Da’ Wah- peaceful call to come to Islam
- Jihad- conversion through force
Important dates
- 610- the first revelation
- Ramadan
- Meditating in cave
- Angel Gabriel- worship Allah
- 610 to 632- mohammed’s revelation period
- 632-mohammed dies
- 622- hegira
- Journey from Mecca to Medina
- Start of Islam calendar
Wars
- Battle of Badr
- 624
- Win
- Reason- allah fights for his people
- Battle of Uhud
- 625
- lose
- Reason- not enough faith
- Triumphant Takeover of Mecca
- 630
- No death
- Circle the ka’ba 7 times
- Destroys 360 idols, keeps black stone
Mosques
- Grand Mosque
- Prophet's Mosque
- Prophet’s prayer mosque
- Dome of the rock
Jews- welcomed Mohammed
- abraham=important
- Oneness of God
- Corruption idols
Ahl Al-Kitab= people who have religious texts
kafir= people who have rejected
ummiyyum= people with no revelation
5 pillars
- Shahada- statement of faith
- Salat- ritual prayer
- Zakat- almsgiving
- Salum- fasting
- Hajj- pilgrimage
Islam rejects:
- Trinity
- Deity of Jesus
- Incarnation
- The need for Jesus to die
- Reliability of the bible
Islam believes:
- Salvation comes through works
- Allah reveals his will; not himself
France
Merovingians dynasty
- Clovis
- Introduces christianity
- \
- Do nothing kings
- Gave away fiefs (land) for loyalty
- Real power- mayors of the palace
- Clovis
Caroligian dynasty
Pepin of Heristal
- Reunite territories
Charles Martel
- “Hammer”
- Defeats muslims at battle of Tours
Pepin the short
- All the powers of king but wanted crown
- Pope Stephen- fights lombards, pepin donates the Papal States to him
Carloman
Charlemagne
- Conquest: avars, Saxons, Lombards, Muslims
- Coronation: christmas in 800, pope Leo III
- Caroline script: aix-la-chapelle
Louis the pious
3 sons fight
- Charles the bald- west
- Louis the German- East
- Lothair- middle
Capetian dynasty
- Hugh Capet
- Primogeniture- the first born gets the crown
- Phillip II
- Fought King John
- Bailiffs- taxes
- Louis IX
- Court of appeals- weakens feudal ties
- Phillip IV
- States general- allows commoners to join council
- Centralized government and democracy
England * Vikings * Pillage * Rape women * Steal everything * Became christians * Divisions * Danes * Norwegians * swedes
* Rulers
* Alfred the Great
* Defeats Danes
* Found English navy
* Shires: counties
* Shire-reeves: sheriffs
* Anglo Saxon Chronicle- history of England
* Canute
* Danish ruler
* Assimilated saxons and danes
* Edward the confessor
* Descendant of Alfred and Canute
* Dies in 1066 without an heir
* The fight for the throne
* Harold Godwinson
* Wessex
* Reason: Most powerful english noble
* William
* Normandy
* Reason: Promised the throne by edward
* Harald Hadrada
* Norway
* Reason: had viking kings before
* Stamford bridge
* Godwinson vs HadradaGodwinson vs Hadrada
* Godwinson wins
* Battle of Hastings
* William against Harold
* Bayeux Tapestry- records events of the battle of Hastings