A+P: 4.8-Diseases and the Disorders of the Senses 

Auditory Diseases:

  1. ^^Conductive Deafness-^^

    1. Sounds do not travel through the outer ear or middle ear due to problems with the auditory ossicles or structure of the ear. → Hearing Loss
    2. Cause: Fluid in the auditory canal/ earwax.

  2. ^^Sensorineural Deafness-^^

    1. The conchlear nerve is not stimulated by the inner ear (conchlea).
    2. Causes: Age/exposure to large sounds.

  3. ^^Tinnitus-^^

    1. Ringing of the ear
    2. Cause: Broken hairs of the corti.

  4. ^^Otitis Media-^^

    1. Swelling and pressure from a bacterial or viral infection within middle ear → Pain
    2. Cause: Clogged Eustachian Tube

  5. ^^Vertigo-^^

    1. Dizziness caused by a virus, extra stimulation, or inflammation within the semicircular canals in inner ear.
    2. Cause: Inflammation in semicircular canals.

Occipital Diseases:

Focus Troubles:

  • ^^Myopia (nearsight)^^ - a person can’t see things far away. They can only see things close to them.
    • Cause: The image that they see is projected right infront of the retina instead of on it.
  • ^^Hyperopia (farsight)^^ - a person can’t see things near. They can only see things far away from them.
    • Cause: The image that they see is projected behind the retina instead of on it.
    • Presbyopia: A specific type of farsightedness that is caused by the hardening of the ocular lens.
  • ^^Ametropia-^^ You have blurred vision.
  • ^^Strabismus-^^ The eyes’ line of vision cannot focus on one location. One of them is out of line which cause the image to be seen in multiple point.

Clarity Diseases:

  • ^^Conjunctivitis/ Pink Eye^^ -
    • Bacteria, virus, allergen inflaming the conjuctiva
    • Itchness, Tearing, discharge or grittiness.
  • ^^Cataract-^^
    • A clouding of the lens
    • Difficulty seeing at night, color, and need for or sensitivity to light
    • Seeing Halos.
    • Lens can be replaced by artificial lens.

Nerves Diseases:

  • ^^Colorblindness^^-
    • Distorted color and blindness created by damaged or problematic cones.
  • ^^Macular Degeneration^^
    • Macular, center of the eye, is covered which causes blindness, distorted color, and blurry vision.
  • ^^Glaucoma^^
    • A pressure build up leads to a changes in the optic nerve which leads to blindness and blurry vision. Less light enters the eye.

Gustation/ Oflaction Diseases:

Hyposmia

  • A disorder characterized by the partial loss of smell.
  • Causes:
    • %%Olfactory Epethelium Damage:%%
    • Smoking & Chronic sinus infection
    • %%Nasal Vestibule Blocking%%
    • Allergies & Infection of the flu & Deviated Septum (Nose Cartilage)
    • %%Damaged Olfactory Receptors%%
    • Brain Disorders.

Dysgeusia

  • Disorder where there is a partial loss of taste
  • Causes
    • %%Lack of Saliva%%
    • Infection of the salivary glands
    • Dry mouth & radiation
    • %%Blocked Taste Buds%%
    • Inflammation of the tongue
    • Acid reflux
    • Infection resulting in swelling
    • %%Nerve Damage%%
    • Ear Surgery ( Eustachian Tube problems)
    • Trauma in the neck
    • %%Chemical Changes%%
    • Metabolic Disorders
    • Tobacco use
    • Medication