Organizational Culture – Quick Review

Environmental Scanning

  • Three levels to monitor:
    • External Environment
    • Task Environment
    • Internal Environment

External Environment – Key Dimensions

  • Economic
  • Legal
  • Technological
  • Political
  • Social

Task Environment – Stakeholders

  • Customers, Suppliers, Competitors, Business Partners, Regulators

Internal Environment – Core Elements

  • Owners, Employees, Board of Directors, Physical Assets/Resources

Culture: Core Idea

  • Learned, shared system of values, attitudes, norms
  • Hofstede’s definition: shared values, common understanding, world view

Organizational Culture in Islam

  • Value set guiding members on purpose, operations, priorities (Tawheed, brotherhood, social guidelines, enhancement)

Culture Dimensions

Hofstede (5)

  • Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism / Collectivism, Masculinity / Femininity, Long- vs Short-Term Orientation

GLOBE (9)

  • Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Future Orientation, Institutional Collectivism, Assertiveness, Gender Differentiation, In-Group Collectivism, Performance Orientation, Humane Orientation

Muslim Setting

  • Tawheed implications, Islamic brotherhood, social guidelines, enhancement

Types of Organizational Culture (Competing Values Framework)

  • Hierarchy (Control) – Rules, stability, authority (e.g., Samsung)
  • Market (Compete) – External focus, results, profit (e.g., Apple)
  • Clan (Collaborate) – Family feel, teamwork, engagement (e.g., Panasonic)
  • Adhocracy (Create) – Entrepreneurship, risk-taking, innovation (e.g., consulting, film, software)

Why Culture Matters

  • Enhances customer service, diversity & inclusion, ethics, innovation, sustainability, whole-person support

Building Positive & Powerful Culture

  • Master culture via empathy; develop self-awareness & management
  • Grow Cultural Intelligence – cognitive, emotional, physical
  • Transformation guidelines: respect values/integrity, "slow down to speed up", top-driven with bottom-up involvement
  • Align strategy & culture through:
    • Symbolic & substantive actions
    • High-performance spirit
    • Strategy-supportive climate