Unit 4 Chemical Compounds

Law of Definite Proportions/ Constant Composition

  • Joseph Proust

  • All pure compounds contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass/ Atoms of elements have the same ratios

Percent Composition

the atomic mass

Ionic Compounds

  • Metal (Cation) and Non-Metal (Anion)

    • generally, the metal is positively charged (cation) and the negatively charged one (anion) is the non-metal

  • 1st Metal ____

  • Metals = Left side to middle

  • Binary Ioninc Compounds: means only two diff elements

    • -ide is added at the end of the second element

  • look in packet

  • the roman numeral is on the opposite one

    • Ex. FeCl2 = Iron (2) Chloride

General Special Names for Oxyacids

  • +1 O: Per- ____ - ate

  • Original: ____ -ate

  • -1 O: ___ ite

  • -2 O: Hypo- ____ -ite

Hydrates

  • Prefix for multiples

    • Ex. Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate is Na2CO3 × 10H2O

Molecule (Covalent) Compounds

  • 1st nonmetal ____

  • Always use prefix for 2nd part

  • Only use prefix for 1st when it’s a multiple

Binary Acids

  • Hydrogen

  • Hydro- turned to prefix

  • Other nonmetallic element name modified with suffix -ic

  • “acid” as second word

Oxyacid

  • Omit “hydrogen”

  • Start with root name of the anion

  • -ate replaced with -ic

  • -ite replaced with -ous

  • Add “acid”

Graham’s Law of Effusion

right side = rate of effusion A/rate of effusion B A effuses _ times B

  • when given an amount and time, divide the amount/time to get the effusion rate

  • unit: g/mol (grams per mole)