Erikson's Psychosocial Stages and Super's Career Development Theory

Trust vs. Mistrust ( $0-1$ year old):
- Virtue: Hope.
- Successful: Constant care leads to trust.
- Failure: Neglectful care leads to mistrust.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt ( $1-3$ year old):
- Virtue: Will.
- Successful: Opportunity to explore independence.
- Failure: Being criticized leads to shame.
Initiatived vs. guilt ( $3-6$ years old):
- Virtue: Purpose.
- Successful: Planning and leading activities.
- Failure: Being punished leads to guilt.
Industry vs. Inferiority ( $6-12$ year old):
- Virtue: Competence.
- Successful: Building confidence in skills.
- Failure: Leads to feelings of inferiority.
Identity vs. role confusion ( $12-18$ year old):
- Virtue: Fidelity.
- Successful: Developing a strong sense of identity.
- Failure: Leads to role confusion.
Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood):
- Virtue: Love.
- Successful: Achieving intimacy.
- Failure: Results in isolation.
Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood):
- Virtue: Care.
- Successful: Finding purpose and contributing.
- Failure: Leads to stagnation.
Integrity vs. despair (late adulthood):
- Virtue: Wisdom.
- Successful: Sense of satisfaction with life.
- Failure: Leads to despair.

Growth stage (birth - $14$ ): Individuals develop interests, abilities, and attitudes. The self-concept is shaped by family, school, and early experiences.
Exploration stage ( $15-24$ ): Involves exploring different career options, developing skills, and trial decision making.
Establishment stage ( $25-44$ ): The period of beginning to build and secure a career.
Maintenance Stage ( $45-64$ ): Focused on maintaining a professional position and improving performance.
Deadline / Disengagement ( $65$ - above): A period of reducing work responsibilities.

Individual Risk Factor: Includes a history of violent victimization.
Individual Protective Factor: Includes a high IQ.
Relational Risk Factor: Characterized by Authoritarian child rearing attitudes.
Relational Protective Factor: Includes connectedness to family or adults outside the immediate circle.
Risk factor: A negative condition that increases vulnerability.
Protective factor: Helps individuals cope with challenges.
Protective Action: Taking voluntary steps or actions to prevent problems.

Self-Concept: The basis for confidence, energy, and emotional stability.
Self Image: How you see yourself.
Self Worth: How you value yourself.
Ideal Self: Who you really want to become.
A state of overall happiness: Defined simply as "Will bring… happiness."
Physiological Protective Factors: Engagement in regular physical activities.
Physiological Risk Factor: Presence of chronic illness or poor health.