Chapter Two

2.1-What is Culture

Culture Shock- exposure to a completely different culture in non-expected context

Ethnocentrism- setting own culture as the standard

Cultural Relativism- attempting to understand a different culture

2.2-Components of Symbolic Culture

• Gestures- using their bodies to communicate

• Language- verbal communication

• Values- ideas of valuables in life and society

• Norms- expectations of behavior

• Sanctions- expressions of approval or disapproval

• Folkways- norms not strictly enforced

• Mores- norms strictly enforced

• Taboo- extremely strong norms

2.3-Many Cultural Worlds

Subculture- smaller cultures within a larger community/culture

Countercultures- smaller cultures which go against mainstream society

2.4-Values in U.S. Society

Overview of U.S. Values

1. Individualism

2. Achievements and Success

3. Hard Work

4. Efficiency and Practicality

5. Science and Technology

6. Material Comfort

7. Freedom

8. Democracy

9. Equality

10. Group Superiority

11. Education

12. Religiosity

13. Romantic Love

U.S. Values Clusters

1. Leisure

2. Self-Fulfillment

3. Physical Fitness

4. Youthfulness

5. Concern for Environment

2.7-Technology in the Global Village

New Technology

1. Microchip

2. VR

3. AI

4. Robots

5. Drones

Cultural Lag- human behavior lagging behind technology

Cultural Leveling- cultures becoming close to each other