Theology 2 Final
1. What is the Day-Age Theory, and what are four arguments in support of it? Days in Genesis are geologic epochs a. day is a metaphor in Scripture b. Day/night sequence before creation of sun implies imagery c. Seventh day is an age due to Heb. 4:4 d. Necessary to accommodate geology and paleontology
2. Respond to each of these arguments. Day used with an ordinal or a cardinal in the Pentateuch is always a solar day (perhaps, one exception in whole OT: Hos 6:2)
Evening and the morning
In OT always means solar day (over 100x)
Reflects Hebrew way of understanding solar days
Pattern for Jewish week (Ex 20:11 – Decalogue)
Lack of source for light during first three days is bigger problem for Day-Age than for literal view
That result of seventh day is continuing does not mean seventh day is continuing
Tremendous strides of creation science
Apparent age argument should not be discounted
3. What is the Literary Framework View of Gen. 1-2? Genesis 1 fololowed an accepted literary framework to portray God’s creation as perfect construction project
4. Respond to this view. If God created the world in six symmetric days, the the record of t might very well be poetic. Gen 1 can be both theological and scientific. Job 38 is a very different context. Conflicts with science must not override the natural reading of the text.
5. What are four theological implications of the doctrine of creation? God is one, God is transcendent, God requires faith, God is creator
6. What are seven elements of the image of God in man? Distiguished from the rest of creation. Gives dominion over the earth. May involve plurality in unity. Gives man plurality in unity. Gives man value as creature. Remains after the fall. Includes knowledge of truth, righteousness and holiness. Exemplified perfectly in Jesus Christ to whose image we are predestined.
What is the image of God in man, and how did I develop this conclusion? Man is distinguished from the lower creation and from the angels by his embodied moral nature
God exercises His moral nature in His providence; man exercises it in his dominion
The moral nature enables fellowship, leading to unity in plurality
The fall mars man’s ability to exercise his moral nature but does not destroy it; thus, unbelievers are still in God’s image to some extent
Jesus Christ reflected God’s moral nature perfectly
Believers are destined to look like Jesus Christ morally and thus once again image forth the moral nature of our Creator
7. In what three ways is this conclusion important? Common grace, ethics, and sanctification.
8. What are the two foci of the dominion mandate? Fill the earth and rule the earth
9. How did the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil work? Experiential knowledge of good and evil = knowing by experience how good and evil relate to one another
Determining where the boundary is between good and evil
A good thing, possessed by God Himself (but not by experience)
10. What is probation? Gaining knowledge of good and evil by rightly passing the test or failing the test.
11. Why was Eve tempted first? Satan sought to disrupt divinely ordained authority pattern
12. What were the serpent’s tactics? Challenge God’s word, lies substituted for God’s word, and Lust of the flesh, eyes, and pride of life
13. Why were snakes cursed? Symbol of death for man’s benefit
14. What were the two aspects of the curses on Satan, the woman, and the man? God will remain In opposition with the seed of the woman ultimately crushing the serpent.
15. In what ways did man die when he sinned? Mandate responsibility cursed: Work made hard. Relationships cursed: Death = separation from God (Physical, Spiritual, and eternal).
16. What are creationism and traducianism? God creates the soul immediately at conception then Traducianism is when the soul is transmitted along with the body through the processes of natural generation.
17. What two points did the notes make about manhood and womanhood? They are essentially equal with functional differences
18. In what areas do the Scriptures teach an explicit functional difference? Men are to lead the church, and men are to lead in the home.
19. What are trichotomy and dichotomy, which is more biblical, and why? Trichotomy – man consists of three distinguishable parts (body, soul, spirit). Dichotomy – man consists of two distinguishable parts (material and immaterial). The dichotomy is more biblical than trichotomy which is based on Greek mythology.
20. What are the two key passages used to prove trichotomy, and what do they actually mean? 1 Thes. 5:23 just refers to three separate aspects of man not necessarily 3 parts and Heb. 4:12 Is referring to the fact that Scripture affects both a spiritual and physical being.
21. What are the seven biblical words used to describe man’s inner nature, and what does each mean? Soul – ego of man, spirit – ego of man in special relationships, as with God, Heart – seat of intellect, feelings, and will,, mind – faculty of reflective consciousness, of moral thinking and willing,, will – self as choosing and deciding,, conscience – witness within man that tells him he ought to do what he believes to be right and ought not to do what he believes to be wrong
22. Know the six descriptions of sin given in class (not Greek words, but meanings). Failing to do what God intends, doing what God forbids, Violating known law, Lawlessness, Evil, wickedness
23. What are three of the ways God’s law is encoded for people in different dispensations? The mosaic law, the heart of men in all times, and in the teachings of Christ and the apostles for the church.
24. Know my summary of the doctrine of sin with special reference to Romans 3:23. = We were created to glorify God, thus, anything in us or in our actions that falls short of God’s
25. Know the three conclusions I drew from the fact that sin consists of dispositions and states in addition to acts. Dispositions and states are more important to take care of apart from just the acts. Deliberate intention to sin is not essential to constitute any given act or feeling a sin.
26. What Pauline passage summarizes most effectively the doctrine of total depravity (expressing how it penetrates and affects the whole of man’s being)? Ephesians 4:17-19
27. What are four things total depravity does not mean? It does not mean that the unsaved have no disposition to do right, The unsaved never do any good, the unsaved commit every sin, and mean that the unsaved are as bad as they could be
28. What are five things total depravity means? Sin has penetrated and affected the whole of man’s being, Man has the native capability of committing the worst sins, when the unsaved do right it is for selfish purposes and not for the glory of God, The unsaved are completely destitute of the love of God that God demands, The unsaved have no possible means of salvation or recovery within themselves.
29. What is the Pelagian view of depravity? Adam’s sin affected only himself, not the human race. At birth, each one is in the same condition as Adam before the fall.
30. What is the Semi-Pelagian view of depravity? There is a mix of grace and free will, The sin of Adam brought physical and moral disadvantages to him and his posterity. The power to do good was weakened but lost. There is sufficient power in the human will to begin or initiate. the salvation process but insufficient power to complete it
31. What is the Arminian/Wesleyan view of depravity? All men derive from Adam a corrupt nature by which they are inclined to sin, but this corruption is not considered sin itself. Men are responsible only for their own voluntary acts and their consequences. Man to be a man must retain the ability to do good. This ability is not sufficient to cause a man to come to Christ; he needs the assisting grace of God. This grace is provided preveniently to all men through the atoning work of Christ. All men can move toward God, not because they are not deprived, but because they are not deprived, but because redeeming grace has enabled them to do so
32. What four statements summarize the depravity issue? Pelagianism says that man is strong, Semi-Pelagianism says that man is weak, Wesleyan-Arminianism says that man is sick, Scripture says that man is dead
33. What two issues did I address in the problem of evil lecture? How and why did sin enter the world
34. What was Augustine’s intriguing suggestion regarding the first of these questions?
35. What is Hume’s statement of the second of these questions? Loving oneself is a duty, but Satan began to love himself more than God. God did not create sin, and sin is a distortion of that which is good.
36. What are the three proposed solutions to this problem? Limit God’s greatness and goodness or deny the existence of evil.
37. Know my five simple assertions to end this section. God has the power to prevent sin, man chose to sin freely, God permitted sin for sufficiently wise reasons, and God manifests His character more clearly by overcoming evil.
38. What is the key text on imputation/transmission of Adam’s sin? Romans 5:12-19
39. What are the three aspects, according to that passage, of the truth that “all sinned” when Adam sinned? Penalty of sin, guilt of sin, sinfulness/depravity.
40. What are the two views of the union between Adam and his posterity? Realistic/seminal view or Representative federal headship view.
41. Know the three points in the statement of the seminal view. Human nature in its unindividualized unity existed in its entirety in Adam, When Adam sinned, the common humanity that existed in its unity in him also sinned, Since each person who came into the world is an individualization of this one human nature, he is both guilty and punishable for the sin committed by the unity.
42. Know the three arguments against the seminal view. No biblical evidence that Adam was the race, parallelism between Adam and Christ in Rom. 5, Why only the original sin and not Adam’s sins, or even all the sins of ancestors.
43. Know the two arguments for the representative view, and be able to explain each. [possible essay over #42-45] Expresses parallelism between Adam and Christ, The nature of self imputation
44. What are immediate and mediate imputation? Immediate is a corollary of federal headship, mediate is a view not satisfied in Romans 5
45. When does an individual become sinful? They are born with a sin nature, they do not have to be taught to sin.
46. What did I argue regarding babies, mentally-disabled people, etc.? God’s grace is sufficient based on David’s example
47. What is our theme verse for grace? Romans 5:8
48. What are the two types of grace? Define each. Common grace: The grace that God gives to every man allowing them to live their lives with good things even though they have not accepted God as their Savior. Special Grace: Any gift God gives with the goal of bringing people to salvation.
49. What are the four aspects of the grace that relates to salvation? The attitude that God induces to show unmerited favor to sinners, God’s action on behalf of undeserving people, God’s gifts bestowed on people, God’s power to work in people.
50. What is our theme verse for election? Matthew 22:14
51. How does election appear in the OT? Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and the nation of Israel
52. What three principles emerge from Matthew 20:1-16? Now one who receives what he deserfes has a basis for complaint, the master is sovereign and free in his gifts, the master is not evil because you are jealous, he can be just and yet bestows favors.
53. What principle emerges from Matthew 11:25-27? Specific revelation – God has the right to reveal himself to whomever and as much as he wishes
54. Which gospel emphasizes the sovereignty plan in salvation? John
55. What passage in Acts teaches that as many as were ordained unto eternal life believed? Acts 13:48
56. What passage suggests that Paul should evangelize in Corinth because of the elect there? Acts 18:10
57. What passage gives the golden chain of salvation, using a sequence of aorist tense verbs? Romans 8:28-30
58. What did I teach about the nature of foreknowledge from the five uses of the noun and verb with respect to God in the NT? God foreknew the crucifixion. Foreknowledge paired with a predeterminate plan. God knew what He would do. He knew what He would accomplish before the creation of the world.
59. What two objections does Paul answer in Romans 9:14-24? 1. God is unjust to pick one over another. 2. No one can be blamed for his/her rejection.
60. What future guarantee regarding Israel demonstrates the unconditional nature of election?
61. What four questions are answered by Ephesians 1:3-14, and what are the answers? What election is, When election is, Whom He chose, Why we were chosen.
62. How did I explain God willing all men to be saved in 1 Timothy 2:4 and 2 Peter 3:9?
63. What did I mean by “asymmetrical” as opposed to “symmetrical” election? Which did I endorse in class? Armininians believe that the saved are those who believe and the unsaved are those who reject. Calvinists believe that God chose the saved and God rejected the unsaved. Dr. Saxon argued that God chose the saved and man rejecting resulted in the unsaved.
64. Understand Arminian, classical Calvinist, and moderately Calvinistic views of election. [possible essay]
65. What is our theme verse for atonement? Mark 10:45
66. What key verse in the Gospels says Christ’s death was a ransom? Mark 10:45
67. What is the focus of the two families of redemption verbs favored by Paul? Lytrroo – paying a price for something. Agorazo – purchasing in the marketplace.
68. The redemption/ransom metaphor teaches what three things about Christ’s death? Our deliverance from bondage to sin and Satan, The cost of our salvation to God, God’s ownership over us.
69. What is propitiation, and what three key NT verses speak of it? Averting God’s righteous wrath by sacrifice. Romans 3:25, 1 John 2:2 and Hebrews 2:17
70. What is expiation? Removal of liability
71. What is reconciliation, and what three key NT passages (book and chapter) speak of it? Relationship or peace between God and sinners. Spoken of in Romans 5:1-11, 2 Corinthians 5:18-21, Ephesians 2:11-22
72. Whom did Christ win the victory over in His death (three things)? Sin, death, and evil spiritual powers
73. What is the sixth motif in the study of the atonement texts? Moral influence example
74. What is the central truth in the atonement? Substitution
75. I said that 1 John 2:2 and 2 Peter 2:1 taught what about the extent of the atonement? Universal propitiation
76. I said that Romans 8:28-34 and John 10:3-29 taught what about the intent of the atonement? Particular application of the atonement
77. What did I teach regarding the extent and intent of the atonement? I.e., understand the Arminian, classical Calvinist, and moderately Calvinistic views of the atonement. The extent of the atonement goes to everyone, but only the elect will receive the intent of the atonement
78. What are four reasons for Christ to die for the whole world? 1. Removes every barrier between a holy God and sinners. Unleashes in the world a power for good that restrains evil. Provides an additional just basis for the condemnation of unbelievers. Offers motivation for the proclamation of the gospel to every creature
79. What is our theme verse for calling? Romans 8:28
80. What are the two calls that go out in the NT?
81. What key chapter in John refers to the effectual call? John 6
82. Why can many of the passages that mention the call in the NT not be referring to the general call? They are calling people who are going to be saved
83. What is our theme verse for conversion? Mark 1:15
84. How many times does the noun “conversion” occur in the NT and where? Only once Acts 20:21
85. What are the two components of spiritual conversion? Repentance and faith
86. What is repentance? A radical transformation of the entire person, a fundamental turnaround involving mind and action, and including overtones of grief
87. What are the three essential aspects of true repentance? Intellectual, affective, and volitional
88. What is the dual quality of repentance? Free act of the penitent and a divine gift
89. What are the three essential aspects of saving faith? Knowledge of Christ’s person and saving work, assent of the heart, and wholehearted trust and commitment to Christ.
90. What is the dual quality of saving faith? Free act of the believer and divine gift of God
91. What does it mean to call conversion (repentance/faith) a divinely-enabled human response? It is the relation of faith and repentance God enables the act we respond
92. How do repentance and faith relate to each other? They are intertwined going hand and hand.
93. What are the three primary issues in the Lordship Salvation debate? [possible essay] How do we present the gospel to a sinner, what must a person do to be saved, what does God do when a person is converted.
94. What are the three things a sinner must understand to be saved? What is the one thing he must do? God is holy and I’m a sinner, Christ died for my sins, I can be united to Christ by repenting of my sins and entrusting my life to Christ. Do: Repent and trust Christ
95. What two things does God do at the point of a person’s conversion? He grant genuine repentant faith. He changes the person’s heart causing regeneration.
96. What are my two conclusions regarding the Lordship Salvation debate? Salvation cannot occur apart from a snner submitting in his heart to the absolute authority of King Jesus and Such submission is p[art of repentant faith and should not be presented as ethical demands (this muddies the gospel).
97. What is the theme verse for regeneration? John 3:3
98. What is the only verse in the NT that uses “regeneration” in the soteriological sense? Titus 3:5
99. What are five alternative ways of expressing regeneration? New spiritual birth, re-creation, spiritual resurrection, circumcision of the heart, washing
100. What are three characteristics of regeneration? Divine operation, instantaneous, transforming
101. What solution to John 3:5 did I favor? Water = cleansing.
102. How did we handle Acts 2:38, Acts 22:16, Mark 16:16, and 1 Peter 3:21? →You said Mark 16:16 was not inspired, but also that damnation is for failing to believe not failing to be baptized. Acts 2:38 Peter is urging his listeners to be identified by baptism with the repentance they have toward Christ. Acts 22:16 Baptism and spiritual cleansing are closely associated, and Paul saved on Damascus Road without being baptized. 1 Peter 3:18-22 Baptism pictures deliverance through water. Baptism is not the purifying of man’s fallen humanness. It is an appeal to God for a good conscience. Baptism relates to our assurance that the spiritual transaction has truly taken place. Christ’s resurrection accomplishes our salvation, not baptism.
103. What is the order of salvation that we defended in class? Effectual calling, conversion, regeneration
104. What is the theme verse for justification? Romans 3:24
105. What is the classic NT passage on justification? Romans 3:21-26
106. What does “but now” signal in Romans 3:21? What is “the righteousness of God” in this verse? →But now means that the dispensations of law and grace, centered on the cross, illustrate this salvation history, previously we were under the law but now we have been justified by grace.
107. How does justification allow God to be both just and the justifier of believers? →But now means that the dispensations of law and grace, centered on the cross, illustrate this salvation history, previously we were under the law but now we have been justified by grace.
108. What is the theme verse for sanctification? 2 Corinthians 3:18
109. The historical survey in the notes addresses what three issues? [possible essay] Defining sin, perfectibility, and sanctification experience
110. How did Wesley define sin? How does this contrast with the Reformation understanding of sin? Willful transgression of a known law. He said sin is willful while the reformation experience said we sin because we are sinners.
111. How does perfectionist teaching flow out of this definition of sin? If sin is just a choice then we can just choose not to sin
112. How can perfection develop and increase, for a Wesleyan? They increase and deveop as the believer matures
113. What is the danger for those who do not pursue full sanctification, according to Wesley? They can fall away from justification
114. According to Luther, why do believers never achieve perfection in this life? They are in a battle until they are made perfect in their new bodies in glory
115. In many holiness traditions, what launches experiential sanctification? An experience of sanctification after salvation (Baptism of the Holy Spirit).
116. What is the “Second Blessing” or “Baptism of the Holy Spirit”? an experience of sanctification after salvation
117. What is the experience of sanctification for Keswick advocates? They advocated sanctification after salvation saying sanctification is by faith in Christ’s finished work: Believers must simply claim the victory already won for them
118. What two concerns about Reformation sanctification teaching led in this direction? Contentment with carnality and moralism
119. How do Keswick teachers distinguish “normal” from “average” Christians? Average Christians live in the flesh, Normal Christians have the power of the Spirit
120. In the Keswick model, what launches experiential sanctification and is the key to defeating sin in your life? A successive act of the human will after salvation
121. What is Quietism, and what Keswick phrase expresses it? The belief that one achieves spirituality by becoming passive and allowing God to work through him (Let go and let God).
122. What are positional and progressive sanctification? Positional: at salvation the holy spirit sets apart believers to belong to God. Progressive: Sanctification flows from our union with Christ as we live by faith in Christ
123. What does Galatians 2:20 teach about sanctification? The life after salvation is to be lived in the and through the Holy Spirit. Faith s claiming the promises of God and moving forward on the basis of confidence in God’s ability to keep those promises because Christ purchased their fulfillment on the cross and the spirit now indwells and provides the necessary power
124. What chapter in Galatians shows a struggle between the Spirit and the flesh? Galations 5
125. What does it mean to walk in the Spirit? In the realm of the spirit’s activity and power by means of the spirit’s enabling
126. What are the six key elements in sanctification according to 2 Cor. 3:18? [possible essay] all believers are being sanctified, We see our goal in the Word of God, Sanctification is transformation, the goal is the image of God, The transformation is progressive, The spirit is the person of the Godhead who transforms us
127. What are the four key verbs of sanctification in Romans 6? Know, reckon, yield, obey
128. What chapters in Ephesians and Colossians teach the put off/put on principle in sanctification? Ephesians 4 and Colossians 3
129. What is the definition of progressive sanctification? Sanctification involves the daily discipline of removing the old fleshly clothes and replacing them with new Christ-like garments. Sanctification is the progressively unfolding divine-human operation initiated and continued by the Holy Spirit and appropriate faith
130. What is the theme verse for preservation/perseverance? 1 Peter 1:5
131. What is the key passage on preservation? Romans 8:26-39
132. What are the four foundations for eternal security? [possible essay] God’s eternal purpose to save, God’s perfections of grace, immutability, power and faithfulness.
133. What are three ways of interpreting NT texts that seem to imply that believers must persevere or they will fall away? Arminian – believers can fall away from salvation, Falling = losing one’s rewards; warnings are temporal and do not relate to eternal salvation, Warnings are means of inducing perseverance; they are real warnings but real believers will be kept by the spirit from falling
134. According to O’Brien, commenting on Colossians 1:23, true saints will persevere, but what else is also true? True Christians must persevere
135. What key Pauline passage combines the two ideas of preservation and perseverance? 2 Peter 1:3-5
136. What did the notes teach about backsliding? Backsliding is possible when you choose to not walk in the Spirit.
137. What is assurance of salvation, and what is its relationship to eternal security? The subjective confidence that one in fact is a believer
138. What are the two major bases for assurance (understand each)? Objective – confidence that one has believed the gospel (the assurance is part of saving faith) ; Subjective – Evidence one has believed the gospel by results in their life.
139. How do these two bases relate to each other? They both are biblical, objective assurance is the foundation of our confidence, subjective assurance comes from sanctification and builds upon objective sanctification
140. What is the theme verse for glorification? Romans 8:30
141. What are the three elements in glorification? Moral perfection, Physical perfection, and environmental perfection
142. What are three aspects of the perfection of the soul? Freedom from sin, vision of Christ, and transformation into the likeness of Christ
143. What are two truths about the resurrection body? Associated with the current body, surpasses current body
144. What are three ways we will fully participate in the life to come? Fully realized citizenship in heaven, full fellowship with Christ, and full worship and service