vocsb espanol final
La Familia (The Family)
This section covers family members, including extended family, in-laws, and even pets.
Core Family Members:
el padre/papá: father/dad
la madre/mamá: mother/mom
el hermano: brother
la hermana: sister
el hijo: son
la hija: daughter
el abuelo: grandfather
la abuela: grandmother
el tío: uncle
la tía: aunt
el primo: cousin (masculine)
la prima: cousin (feminine)
el sobrino: nephew
la sobrina: niece
el esposo: husband
la esposa: wife
el nieto: grandson
la nieta: granddaughter
Stepfamily:
el padrastro: stepfather
la madrastra: stepmother
el hermanastro: stepbrother
la hermanastra: stepsister
Pets:
la mascota: pet
el perro: dog
el gato: cat
Supplementary Vocabulary (Extended Family & In-laws):
el bisabuelo: great-grandfather
la bisabuela: great-grandmother
el tatarabuelo: great-great-grandfather
la tatarabuela: great-great-grandmother
el padrino: godfather
la madrina: godmother
el ahijado: godson
la ahijada: goddaughter
el suegro: father-in-law
la suegra: mother-in-law
el cuñado: brother-in-law
la cuñada: sister-in-law
el yerno: son-in-law
la nuera: daughter-in-law
Los Colores (Colors)
This section covers common colors and rules for using them as adjectives.
Color Vocabulary:
rojo/a: red
amarillo/a: yellow
azul: blue
verde: green
blanco/a: white
anaranjado/a: orange
marrón/café: brown
gris: gray
negro/a: black
morado/a: purple
rosado/a: pink
Key Concepts for Colors:
Asking about color:
¿De qué color es/son...?(What color is/are…?)Agreement: Colors are adjectives and must match the noun in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural).
Words ending in -o/-a (e.g.,
rojo,blanco) will changerojo/roja/rojos/rojas.Words not ending in -o/-a (e.g.,
azul,verde,gris,marrón) only change for number (e.g.,azul/azules).
Adjective Placement: In Spanish, adjectives usually come after the noun they modify (e.g.,
el libro rojo,la silla azul).
Adjetivos (Adjectives)
This section introduces common adjectives and how they agree with nouns, differentiating between ser and estar usage.
Common Adjectives Used with ser (for inherent qualities):
alto/a: tall
bajo/a: short (height)
grande: big
pequeño/a: small
joven: young
viejo/a: old
guapo/a: attractive/handsome
inteligente: intelligent
simpático/a: nice
Common Adjectives Used with estar (for temporary states/feelings):
contento/a: content/happy
feliz: happy
triste: sad
enojado/a: angry
nervioso/a: nervous
Supplementary Adjectives:
fácil: easy
difícil: difficult
bueno/a: good
malo/a: bad
interesante: interesting
aburrido/a: boring (when describing a thing that bores)
amigable: friendly
tímido/a: shy
cansado/a: tired
enfermo/a: sick/ill
preocupado/a: worried
emocionado/a: excited
aburrido/a: bored (when describing a person's feeling)
People-Related Nouns:
hombre: man
mujer: woman
persona: person
chico/a: young person
niño/a: child
bebé: baby
amigo/a: friend
Key Concepts for Adjectives:
Agreement: Adjectives always change to match the gender and number of the noun they describe.
Adjectives ending in -o (e.g.,
alto) change for masculine/feminine and singular/plural (e.g.,altos,alta,altas).Adjectives ending in other letters (e.g.,
joven,feliz,inteligente) are gender-neutral but still change for number (e.g.,jóvenes,felices,inteligentes).
Gender-neutral/Non-binary: For gender nonconforming individuals,
acan change toe(e.g.,contente) with a gender-neutral articlele.
Preguntas (Questions)
This section covers essential question words and their usage for asking about people, quantity, and states of being.
Question Words:
¿Quién?: Who? (singular)
¿Quiénes?: Who? (plural)
¿Cuántos?/¿Cuántas?: How many? (masculine/feminine, agreeing with the noun)
¿Cuál/es?: Which one/ones?
¿Cómo?: How?
¿Dónde?: Where? (location)
¿Qué?: What?
¿Por qué?: Why?
Key Concepts for Questions:
Gender and Number Agreement: Remember to match question words like
quién/quiénesandcuántos/cuántaswith the number and gender of the noun they refer to.¿Cómo es...?vs.¿Cómo está...?:¿Cómo es tu amigo?asks for a description (inherent qualities).¿Cómo está tu amigo?asks about their state of being/feeling (temporary condition).
¿Dónde está...?vs.¿De dónde eres...?:¿Dónde estás?asks about current location (used withestar).¿De dónde eres?asks about origin (where someone is from, used withser).
La Ropa y Los Accesorios (Clothing and Accessories)
This section provides a list of common clothing items and accessories.
La Ropa (Clothing):
la camisa: shirt
la camiseta: T-shirt
la blusa: blouse
los pantalones: pants
los pantalones cortos: shorts
los jeans: jeans
el suéter: sweater
el vestido: dress
la falda: skirt
el traje: suit
el chaleco: vest
los calcetines: socks
la ropa interior: underwear
el pijama: pajamas
la chaqueta/la chamarra: jacket
el abrigo: coat
el impermeable: raincoat
el traje de baño: swimsuit
Los Accesorios (Accessories):
los zapatos: shoes
los tenis: tennis shoes
los tacones: heels
las sandalias: sandals
las botas: boots
los guantes: gloves
la gorra: cap
la bufanda: scarf
las gafas de sol: sunglasses
las gafas/los lentes: eyeglasses
la corbata: necktie
las medias: pantyhose/stockings