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POLITICS

Kendall (1998) defines politics as a social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by people in groups. "Man in nature is a political animal." Politics serves as a mechanism by which individuals develop power and understand the proper functioning of a democrat. According to Stevens, Anglin, and Jussim (2015), politics is a central component of their identity. (Chapter 9) Political Self and Being Filipino.pptx, n.d.)

Political self organizes one's beliefs, attitudes, and affiliations and aids in processing politically relevant information. Political self constitutes knowledge about the constitution, government, and governance. Political self exemplifies the people's ideals and aspirations, embodies the rules and principles of the state, and determines the status and power of the people. Political is often defined by citizenship. (Chapter 9) Political Self and Being Filipino.pptx, n.d.) (It constitutes knowledge about the Constitution government, n.d.)

Origin of Political Self

Family. The family has a hierarchical structure, that is, through a hierarchy of positions, status, and power. For example, the parent acts as a leader and establishes rules to maintain order in the family. The parent's show of power can lead to the development of the political self and identity.

School. The school's responsibility is to teach moral, spiritual, and political values that will help students become patriotic and morally upright citizens through subjects such as UTS, GMRC, and ROTC, Like family, teachers act as leaders in a classroom that sets the rules and regulations to maintain order in class. (Chapter 9) Political Self and Being Filipino.pptx, n.d.)

Religious Affiliation. Religious affiliation helps shape the ideals of citizenship and democracy through religious teachings, values, and traditions.

Peers. Interaction with peers encompasses and emphasizes the equal distribution of power, rights, and privileges among the group members. (Understanding the Seif GE UNDERSTANDING THE SELF FINALS, n.d.)

Mass Media. Mass media is the key source of information on politics.

Theories of Political Self

Social learning theory - A person can acquire learning through observation and imitation. Observation and imitation are essential in a process known as political socialization. Political socialization is the lifelong process by which individuals gain knowledge about politics.

Cognitive theory-Cognitive theory suggests that individuals' mental activities (e.g., knowledge, perceptions, and ideas) are important determinants of behavior (e.g., political attitude). "For example, individuals interpret the meaning of politics and then choose and decide the actions they will make." (Theories of Political Self According to the social, n.d.)

Theory of symbolic interaction - This theory suggests that behavior is the product of communication, meaning, and symbols. People give meanings to symbols and express these meanings through language communication. For example, children develop their political attitudes according to the symbols and meanings that their parents communicate with them. (Theories of Political Self According to the social, n.d.)

Theory of political participation - This theory is defined as the citizen's action or activities anchored in politics. The extent and scope of political participation may be an important criterion for assessing the value or quality symbols and meanings people ascribe to politics. An example of these actions/activities is allowing an ordinary Filipino citizen to participate in the policy and decision-making process regarding the country's policies, in line with the democratic nature of the Philippine society. (Theories of Political Self According to the social, n.d.)

BEING A FILIPINO

Objectives:

• develop a Filipino identity

• identify different Filipino values and traits

• reflect on your selfhood relative to your national identity

Rodrigo Duterte, the Filipinos became highly vigilant and watchful to safeguard the democratic process in the government and communities. The people's assertions to peaceful and assertive means of participation in democratic election and representation are healthy indications that the Filipinos have matured their quest for genuine independence.

DEMOCRACY

The awareness and understanding of the self and community are the foundation of democratic practice and its result.

Attributes of democracy:

People empowerment

Consultation

Popular decision making

Total development

Delivery of service

Fair and partial system of justice

Accountability of public officials

Promoting respect for rights

Concern for their welfare

Unity

• Justice and equality

ESTABLISHING DEMOCRATIC CULTURE

Democracy is a government in which the supreme is vested in the people's exercised directly or indirectly through a system of presentation, generally involving periodically held free elections. Although democracy has several flaws, it also uniquely possesses several features that most people - whatever their basic political beliefs - would consider desirable. (Political Self[1] [nl2zzyk20518), n.d.)

Examples:

1. Democracy helps prevent cruel and vicious autocrats fr a ruling.

2. It fosters human development, including health education, personal income, and any other indicators, more fully than other forms of government do.

3. Democracy helps protect fundamental individual rights and interests.

4. Democratic societies provide people the maximum opportunity to take moral responsibilities for their choices and decisions.

5. Democratic societies offer a relatively high chance of political equality.

(lack of discipline characterized by our idiomatic, n.d.)

Technically, according to the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Filipino citizens are "those whose father or mothers are citizens of the Philippines," "those born before January 17, 1973," "of Filipino mothers," and those "who elect Philippine citizenship upon the law." Culture and history have significantly influenced the manner Filipinos learn, live, and behave to date.

Filipino Traits and Values

The Philippines is a lush island paradise famous for its grandiose mountain views, beaches, and rich and diverse culture changing from province to province. Tagalog phrases include "mabuhay," "salamat," "po," and "opo." (423604607-Political-Self-and-Being-a-Filipino. pdf, n.d.)

• Filipino hospitality - Filipinos welcome their guests and tourists as if they are their brothers and sisters by always making them feel at home. Filipinos will bring out their best sets of plates for their honored guests and would even go as far as spending a lot of money and going into debt to satisfy them. (423604607-Political-Self-and-Being-a-Filipino pdf, n.d.)

• Respect for elders - Filipinos greet their elders by kissing their hand. Tagalogs do this while saying "Mano po!" and constantly using "po," "opo," "ate," "kuya," "lolo," and "lola."

• Close family ties - Filipinos maintain a tight relationship with their family regardless of whether they are old enough and already have their own families. Filipinos are also fond of family reunions during birthday, holidays, and fiestas.

• Cheerful personality - Filipinos have a habit of smiling and laughing. Filipinos smile when they are happy, sad, or occasionally even when angry. Smiling has been a coping mechanism for many Filipinos, especially during trying times and calamities.

• Self-sacrifice-Filipinos go out of their way to extend their help to friends, families, and loved ones. OFW sacrifices considerably, which is why they are considered modern-day Filipino heroes. Occasionally, the eldest among the children of the family would give up their studies to work and provide for the rest of the family and provide for the education of his or her siblings. (Self Sacrifice Filipinos go out of their way to extend, n.d.)

• Bayanihan - Bayanihan is the spirit of giving without expecting anything in return. Filipinos are always ready to share and help their friends and loved ones who are in need. In calamities, bayanihan is shown by Filipinos.

• "Bahala na" attitude- This is the Filipino version of the famous line "hakuna matata" from the movie Lion King means "no worries." This phrase is said to have originated from bathala na," where "bathala" means "god." (The Political Self and Being Filipino.pptx, n.d.)

• Colonial mentality-Colonial mentality indicates the lack of patriotism and the attitude of Filipinos that favor foreign products more than the local ones.

• "Mañana" habit - "Mañana" habit is the Filipino term for procrastination. "Mamaya na means doing things that could have been done in the present yet executed at a later time.

"Ningas kugon"-"Ningas kugon" is the attitude of eagerly starting things but quickly losing eagerness soon after experiencing difficulty as fast as the fire has ignited. Laziness is a common problem among Filipinos, as shown by the fictional character "Juan Tamad."

• Pride - Most Filipinos hold on to their pride as if this is more precious than keeping a good relationship with family and loved ones. Filipinos find it hard to apologize. (Self Sacrifice Filipinos go out of their way to extend, n.d.)

Crab mentality-Crab mentality is a toxic trait among Filipinos. One person resents another person's achievement instead of feeling happy for them; thus, they pull each other down and ruin each other's reputation.

• Filipino time-Filipino times indicates the habit of Filipinos of arriving late for commitments. Filipinos tend not to observe punctuality altogether.

FILIPINO MARKERS

The following are constant reminders of our nationality

1 Proverbs/salawikain - Proverbs/salawikain are sayings that convey a lesson and reflect Filipino practices, beliefs, and traditions. Damiana Eugenio is regarded as the mother of Philippine Folklore.

The six categories of proverbs are as follows:

A. proverbs expressing a general attitude toward life and laws that govern life,

B. ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices,

C. proverbs expressing a system of values,

D. proverbs expressing general truth and observations about life and human nature,

E humorous sayings, and

F. miscellaneous proverbs

2. Superstitions-Filipinos also subscribe to their own set of superstitions passed down from generation to generation. An example of the superstitions of Filipinos is that a

woman who sings while cooking will end a spinster.

3. Myths and legends - Due to the Philippines' rich culture and history, numerous myths and legends about things that are beyond one's imagination have appeared.

4. Heroes and icons - Heroes serve as a reminder of true patriotism and nationalism as they have sacrificed their lives for the sake of their country's freedom and progress. (Self Sacrifice Filipinos go out of their way to extend, n.d.)

HOW TO BE A GOOD FILIPINO:

1. Be an active Filipino citizen - A good Filipino citizen should be aware of the current events and participate in government programs that aim for its country's progressions and development. You can also become an active citizen by exercising your right to vote.

2. Study the Philippine history-One should study Philippine history to understand the events of the Philippine history completely.

3. Support local products - Supporting our local products display our creativity, innovativeness, and resourcefulness.

4. Speak Filipino languages - Speaking our native Filipino languages (Tagalog, Waray, Kinaray-a, and others) serves as a unique identifier of being a Filipino,

5. Do not spread fake news and be democratic in engaging with dissent - This behavior should be practiced to sort out everything that one reads before actually believing it and spreading it. Think before you click!

WEEK 14

"Social media is a term for numerous technologies that allow instantaneous communication, status updates, and social networking among individuals. Social media platforms at present include text messaging via cellular phones and social networking sites, such as Facebook. The use of social media by the youth (preadolescents and adolescents) continues to increase worldwide on a yearly basis. The youth in nearly every country uses social media to maintain nearly constant contact with their friends. Given the importance of social media and friendships to the youth, this review examines the effect of social media on the emotional experiences of the youth. Social media can have a positive influence upon loneliness, intimacy, and relationship maintenance during adolescence. However, adolescents also experience relational issues via social media and are more reckless online than in real life. Social media, particularly Facebook, may have positive and negative effects on mood symptoms and other mental disorders. Social media may play a role in identity formation by allowing young users to experiment with different behavior and interactional styles. The effects of social media may lead to more positive outcomes for boys than for girls. A research on social media use during preadolescence is needed because existing works largely targeted adolescents. Further research should also be conducted with potential mediators between social media and well-being (e.g., friendship)." (Wood, Bukowski, & Lis, 2016)

The digital self is the aspect of the self that is expressed or shared with others through online interactions on the Internet, specifically on social networking sites.

Self-presentation refers to an individual's attempts, whether conscious or unconscious, to control how he projects himself in social interactions. Self-presentation is the process of controlling how one is perceived by other people and the key to relationship inception and development.

Which generation are you?

Gen Z/iGen-born: 1996-2011; age in 2017: primary, tweens, and teens

Millennials/Gen Y-born: after 1980; age in 2017: 22-mid-30s

Gen X-born: 1965 to 1980; age in 2017: mid 30s-50s

Baby boomerborn: 1946-1964; age in 2017: 51-69

Generation of Digital Natives

A total of 85% of the youths in the NCR own a cellphone. In addition, teens access the Internet from mobile devices/smartphones

A total of 92% of the youths in the NCR use the Internet, 90% of which have at least one account on social networking sites.

The youths in the NCR spend an average of 10 hours a week on the Internet.

Effects of Online Interaction on Self:

draw people away from meaningful and intimate communication with families and friends

limit face-to-face interaction with other people.

false information/fake news

identity theft

cyberbullying

comparison of yourself to others

may lead to depression

Positive impact on mental health: creativity, knowledge sharing, web connectivity, and social marketing Negative implications for mental health: profile updates, depression, and insomnia

Impact of social media:

•

Self and social development - social connections, belongingness, identity creativity, and community (political) engagement

• Access to information-resources, information and support for schoolwork, and seeking health information, as well as misinformation and risks (self-harm)

• Risks-privacy issues, cyberbullying, body image issues, sexualization, and depression

Fear of missing out (FoMO)- "the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you are missing out that your peers are doing, in the know about, or possession of more or

something better than you." (Dykman, 2012) Under this framing of FoMO, nearly three-quarters of young adults reported they experienced this phenomenon. Your brain on the smartphone is not so smart-notifications, texts, likes," and new information on your feed are inherently rewarding and addictive via the action of dopamine in your brain. The mere presence of a smartphone in your environment reduces cognitive attention and capacity. Long and late-night exposure to the blue light that the smartphone screen emits disrupts melatonin production and circadian rhythms.

The Anti-Discrimination Act aims to protect the rights and welfare of the LGBTQ community in the Philippines.

The Data Privacy Act of 2012/Republic Act 10173 aims to protect the people from the invasion of privacy.

IDENTITIES:

Online identity-the sum of all our characteristics and our interactions, Partial identity-a subset of characteristics that make up our identity.

Persona - the partial identity we create that represents one's self in a specific situation.

For anything we post online, we should consider public regardless of how private it is.

Personal identity-the interpersonal level of the self that differentiates the individual as unique from others.

Social identity-the level of self wherein the individual is identified by his or her group memberships.

Self-Sharing in Cyberspace

According to Belk's (2013) "Extended Self in a Digital World," sharing itself is not new and has arguably been around as long as humankind. However, digital devices help us

communicate more and in a broader manner than ever before.

In older family albums, the photographer is often not shown in the album (Mendelson and Papacharissi 2011), whereas with arm's length photos, they are included. As indicated by Schwars (2010), we have entered an unprecedented era of self-portraiture.

With blogs and webpages, this shift led to greater self-reflection and more digital bits of the extended self to represent us, occasionally with multiple daily updates. Hence, researchers became concerned with actively managing identity and reputation and warn against the phenomenon of "oversharing."

FOUCAULT'S VIEW

In Foucault's (1978,1996) view, confessing our secret truths feels freeing, even as it binds us in a guilt-motivated self-governance.

St. Augustine and Jean-Jacques Rousseau reinforce this imperative for self-confession in an earlier era, similar to the function of online diaries and blogs at present.

•

However, the Internet has made once-private confession considerably public.

"Technologies of the Self," through which we seek to purge and cleanse ourselves.

Exomologesis or "publishing oneself" became easier to accomplish.

Despite the tension between privacy and potential celebrity, our online confession is also part of the "self-therapeutic" aspect of sharing.

NEEDED EXTENDED SELF UPDATES DUE TO SHARING

Self-revelation - Not only an inward turn in self, that is, consciously crafting our autobiographies, exists (Zhao 2005); an outward turn in presenting these self-displays is also present. "Ego searching" is looking for information about themselves.

• Loss of control-What was once private is now more likely to be public? We may exercise self-control, but it is far harder to control all-out digital self-representation.

• Shared digital possessions and aggregate self - In the digital realm, we are part of imagined communities whose members may not be personally known aside from their pseudonyms and online contributions (Born 2011). Pirated music is a case point of profile sharers who jointly assemble and share ownership of a set of musical files.

• Shared sense of (cyber) space-Consider cyberspace as a public place. The whole point of Web 2.0 and most digital devices is to facilitate access and information. "Reworldling means taking us out of the constraint of our physical space and providing us with new abilities, that is, "the ability to remodel the virtual environment extends the identity project far beyond the body." In reworldling, we experience the transcendence of the body, time, and space. This aestheticization of life takes place online as the participants soak in the digital spectacles in "window shopping" for real-world goods. "Third places" is a place that is neither the first place of home nor the second place of work at which people hang out, enjoy themselves, and feel accepted (e.g., pubs, cafés, and coffee shops) where regulars get to know, accept, and support one another.

GENDER AND SEXUALITY ONLINE

According to Marwick (2013), while the terms "sex," "gender," and "sexuality" are often thought of as synonymous, they are actually relatively distinct.

Sex is a biological state that corresponds to what we might call a "man" or "woman." While sex is often explained as biological, fixed, and immutable, it is actually socially constructed (West & Zimmerman, 1987).

Gender is the social understanding of how sex should be experienced and how sex manifests in behavior, personality, preference, capabilities, etc. For transgender individuals, understanding gender is changeable or liminal, which threatens many assumptions that are considered biological or "natural." Gender is a system of classification that values male- gendered things more than female-related ones (e.g., colors, academic departments, electronic gadgets, and websites). (Taylor & Francis, 2014)

Gender inequality - Heteronormativity is the presumption of heterosexuality unless explicitly stated. "Technology has been criticized for this male normativity due to the disproportionate number of men and women involved in technical design and engineering." (Taylor & Francis, 2014)

Normative gender behavior - This behavior adheres to the dominant understanding of masculine men and feminine women. Non-normative behavior does not follow these norms.

Sexuality is an individual expression and understanding of desire, often viewed as binary (homosexual or heterosexual) similar to gender, In reality, sexuality is often fluid. (Taylor & Francis, 2014)

Queer can be used as an umbrella term for the non-normative expressions of sexuality, Originally, queer means "strange" or "peculiar." Unlike "gay or lesbian," queer rejects the binary approach to making female or gay/straight identities. (Taylor & Francis, 2014).

ROLE OF CYBER WORLD FOR PHYSICAL WORLD

Cyberworld

"Cyber refers to the characteristics of the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality." (yadav & Gour, 2014) Collectively, the cyberworld means the world of computers and communications; it implies today's fast-moving, high-technology world.

Physical life refers to the life in which we live, that is, the routine life. The circumstances we face in our life are relevant to physical life.

ROLE OF CYBER WORLD

The cyber world is being involved in our lives considerably; the person being addicted to this would feel incomplete without it.

Cyberspace

Cyberspace refers to the virtual computer world and, specifically, an electronic medium used to form a global computer network to facilitate online communication, "Cyberspace allows users to share information, interact, swap ideas, play games, engage in discussions or social forums, conduct business, and create intuitive media among many other activities." (Nandy, 2020)

It is an extensive computer network made up of many worldwide computer networks that use TCP/IP protocol to aid in communication and data exchange activities. Cyberspace's core feature is an interactive and virtual environment for a broad range of participants. (What Does Cyberspace Mean?, n.d.)

Cyberculture

This includes the social conditions brought about by the widespread use of computer networks for communication, entertainment, and business. It is a unique set of habits, values, and other elements of culture that have evolved from the use of computers and the internet.

"Cyberculture or computer culture is the culture that has emerged or is emerging from the use of computer networks for communication, entertainment, and business." (Ma, 2014) Internet culture is also the study of various social phenomena that are associated with the Internet and other new forms of network communication, such as online communities

online multiplayer "gaming, wearable computing, social gaming, social media, mobile apps, augmented reality, and texting, and includes issues related to identity, privacy, andn etwork formation." (Ma, 2014) The study of cyberculture is still an evolving field. The complex relationship between technology and our use of it is changing the cultural landscape due to this complex relationship

WEEK 15

Many believe that the current educational system is leaving a vast number of students behind. Therefore, it demands a lot of effort and energy in developing the education sector. However, a central premise of this monograph is that one part of a solution involves helping students regulate their learning through effective pedagogy. Consequently, cognitive and educational psychologists have been developing and evaluating easy-to-use learning techniques to help students achieve their learning goals. This monograph discusses ten learning techniques in detail and offers recommendations about their relative utility.

"The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to leam and change-Cart Rogers

What is learning?

Learning is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and attitudes through experience (Amul 2018). It leads to personal growth and development. Learning starts from birth and

continues throughout life. We generally learn through observation and imitation.

According to behaviorists, learning can be defined as a relative change in behavior due to practice and experience. Meanwhile, for cognitive psychologists, it is a process that leads to change as a result of experience.

What happens in the brain during learning?

Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to evolve throughout one's life. Neuroplasticity involves the addition of new neurons and the reorganization of information-processing areas.

The ability of the brain to change happens in two ways:

1. increase the number of synapses between neurons

2. change in the function and structure of the neurons

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system that transmit impulses or messages.

What are neurons made of?

Cell body (soma)

Dendrites

Axon

A synapse is a junction that helps transmit impulses or messages to another neuron.

Cerebral cortex

• The cerebral cortex is the wrinkled layer of the brain.

• The process of neuroplasticity generally happens here.

• It is responsible for the most sophisticated information processing in the brain.

The cortex is divided into four lobes:

1. frontal lobe

2. parietal lobe

3. temporal lobe

4. occipital lobe

What is cognition?

Cognition is the cerebral processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving (HealthMeasures n.d.).

What is metacognition?

Metacognition

Metacognition is the knowledge and understanding of our cognitive processes.

Metacognition is thinking about thinking (John Flavell).

It refers to the awareness of one's thinking and the strategies one uses to learn.

• The root word "meta" means "beyond." Thus, metacognition means "beyond thinking."

Two components of metacognition:

1. Metacognitive knowledge - refers to the awareness of one's cognitive abilities and knowledge on cognitive undertakings.

2. Metacognitive regulation - refers to how a person monitors and controls his/her cognitive processes.

Types of metacognition knowledge

Key Concepts on Knowledge and Thinking

Declarative knowledge is not always accurate because an individual's self-assessment can be unreliable.

Procedural knowledge is related to how difficult an individual perceives the task to be and their self-confidence.

Strategy knowledge - A kindergartener can think of a strategy; however, the child needs to be reminded to utilize them, such as sounding out words when learning to read. By contrast, an upper elementary student understands this strategy and knows when it will be effective under different circumstances.

Thinking is a learnable skill that can also be practised, developed, and improved. However, thinking is not the same as intelligence, which includes being "brilliant" in schoolwork, gathering considerable information, and being good at speaking in class.

Self-regulated learning is how students systematically direct their thoughts, feelings, and actions toward attaining their academic goals (Zimmerman).

Components of SRL:

1. Planning-increases efficiency, control, and motivation,

2. Problem-solving allows students to learn to think and look for solutions when faced with adversities.

3. Self-evaluation - increases self-awareness, leading to improved understanding of one's own emotions, strengths, and weaknesses.

Different learning styles:

1. Visual-learning through imagery and spatial understanding.

2. Aural/auditory-learning through listening to sound and music.

3. Verbal/linguistic-learning through speaking and writing.

4. Physical/kinesthetic-learning through hands-on, tactile interaction.

5. Logical/mathematical-learning through logic, reasoning, and systems,

6. Social/interpersonal-preference for learning in groups or working with other people.

7. Solitary/intrapersonal preference for learning alone via self-study

How to develop metacognitive and self-regulated learning behavior:

sen-study.

1. Set your short and long-term academic goals.

2. Make a self-help plan.

3. Monitor your academic performance and progress.

4. Reflect.

Setting goals for success

"If you plan on being anything less than you are capable of being, you will probably be unhappy all the days of your life-Abraham Maslow

The goal is the object toward which the behavior is directed, generally within a specified period. According to IO Psychology, the goal is what the individual is consciously trying to do. According to Edwin Locke & Gary Latham, goal directs attention, effort, and actions.

Two categories of goals:

1. Short-term goal - can be achieved in a day, weeks, or year.

2. Long-term goal-generally achieved over a year or more.

Factors that may influence goals:

1. Values can be the basis for what is desirable, correct, and good. It directs the behavior.

2. Needs-motivation that is generally aroused by a need for lack of something that may propel a person to act.

Drive reduction theory Humans are motivated to satisfy needs to maintain homeostasis or

MINDSET AND EFFICACY

Self-efficacy is the person's belief that he can successfully perform behavior that will produce the desired effects. According to Albert Bandura, self-efficacy plays a central role in people's thoughts, motivations, and actions

1. Fixed mindset - people believe that their basic qualities, such as intelligence or talents, are fixed traits. As a result, they worry about making mistakes.

2. Growth mindset - people believe that their most basic abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work. They understand that mistakes and effort are critical to learning

Goal setting is the process of enhancing the work performance of individuals. For goal setting to be successful, goals should be SMART (Michael G. Aamodf):

• Specific-state what you will do by using action words. Measurable - provide a way to evaluate. Use metrics or data targets.

Attainable - can be accomplished and within your scope.

Relevant - make sense within your job function and improves your studies in some way. Timely-state your deadline. Be specific with the date or timeframe.

Rules of goal setting

1. Set goals that motivate you.

2. Set SMART goals.

3. Write your life goals-prioritize!

4. Develop an action plan for your future.

5. Start working toward your life goals.

6. Your goals should be personally important to you.

7. Goals must be clear and well-defined, wherein the degree of your success can be measured, is attainable, and has a timeframe.

8. Make a list of your goals, prioritize items, and discard the unimportant ones.

9. Write the steps to attain your goals.

10. Do not just think smart; you have to take action to move forward.

WEEK 16

Setting goals is an essential part of any career and is especially important in sales (The Top 10 Things Successful People Do Differently Than The Average Joe, n.d.). Your goals tell you what you want to achieve in a specific timeframe. Over the years, we have seen many professionals (e.g., sellers, managers, and companies) get goal planning, action planning, and commitment to execution right. We have also seen many fall short.

Those who fall short tend to do so in three common ways:

1. Action plans to achieve goals are not concrete.

2. Habits and behavior to achieve different results are not outlined.

3. They did not analyze where time should be spent to achieve goals.

For the first point, once you define your goals, you need a clear path to achieve them. Map out how you will achieve your goals with a concrete action plan. Only when you are clear on the actions you must take to reach your goal will you give yourself a fighting chance of achieving it.

Habit change is also an essential part of success but is rarely addressed. If you keep doing the same things, then you will keep getting the same results. As Albert Einstein said, "the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again but expecting different results."

If you achieve your goals, then you must do things differently. This practice requires changing your behavior and often changing bad habits that derail your focus, priorities, and ultimately your results.

Finally, you need to be mindful of how you spend your time. Use it on activities that are most likely to generate an outsized return. Once you have chosen where to spend your

time, you need to avoid distractions and maximize your output per work hour.

Why should we set goals?

establish the ultimate destination

identify the path you can take to get there

Goal The object of a person's ambition or effort, an aim or desired result

know when you have arrived at your goal (The Power of Formal Goal Setting, n.d.).

Why is formal goal-setting necessary?

Goals increase the levels of performance by an average of 16%.

Goals can help monitor and improve your performance.

Goals can improve the quality of your practice and play by replacing boredom with a challenge.

Goals can help you replace fear/tension with focus.

Goals can help sustain motivation during slumps, injuries, or a long career.

Goals assists in confidence development. (Goal Setting, 2012)

SMARTER Goals

Specific the goal must be clear

Measurable objectively prove that you have met the goal.

Adjustable-if you achieve the goal sooner than anticipated, you can increase the intensity or scale it down.

Realistic-believe that you can do it.

Time-bound-set a realistic date to meet the goal.

Exciting it will be fun.

Rewarding see the reward for achieving this goal (Goal Setting, 2012)

Example of a SMARTER Goal To lower my handicap factor from 3.5 on June 1 to 1.0 by September 15 and quality for the club championship (The Power of Formal Goal Setting, n.d.)"

Types of Goals

outcome goals

physical performance goals

mental performance goals

Outcome Goals

Focus on results or outcomes

Serve as a guide toward your overall objectives

Examples of outcome goals:

number of wins

⚫ stroke average

⚫ order of merit ranking

team selection

They should be kept in their rightful place, that is, "away from the course." •

Focusing on these goals during play or practice can negatively affect your performance.

The mind needs to be quiet and clear of outcome thoughts to perform at the peak of the course.

Remember, you do not always have control over outcome goals. You can have your best tournament ever, and someone else can still beat you.

Establish one or two "dream" goals that motivate individuals to do impossible things (Goal Setting, 2012)

Physical Performance Goals

• Physical performance goals define the physical/technical skills you want to improve to accomplish your outcome goals. It helps you practice and train with a purpose

(Goal Setting, 2012)

• Examples of physical performance goals:

• Develop an improved short game-lower s.g. handicap to 0 by July 31

Improve accuracy off the tee-hit an average of 10 fairways in 2007

Hit greens in regulation - 10.5 greens per round in 2007

Learn the knockdown shot

• Improve clubface position at the top of the swing

Consult your coach and outline your strategy for achieving each stated physical performance goal (Goal Setting, 2012).

For example, the strategy to improve your bunker play may be to have a coaching session to ensure that your fundamentals, equipment, and technique are sound. Then, practice three times per week until you hole five sand shots each time (Goal Setting, 2012).

Mental Performance Goals

• Your mental performance goals describe the intellectual skills you will be committed to strengthening to achieve your outcome goals (Goal Setting, 2012).

Mental performance goals should be your primary focus during competition.

They allow you to "stay in the present" and play each shot as an island unto self (The Power of Formal Goal Setting, n.d.). Be specific; have mental performance goals for each round.

Examples of mental performance goals for each round:

⚫ establish a written game plan, complete with targets for every competitive round, and stick to it regardless of the outcome

• Use deep breathing and other relaxation techniques to manage my tension when under pressure

Not react to terrible shots

Consistently use my mental preshot routine

• To see the target 80% of the time

(Goal Setting, 2012)

Consult your coach and outline your strategy for achieving mental performance goals.

For example, the strategy to improve your tension control might be to have a session with a sport psychologist to learn a new relaxation technique and then practice weekly during training sessions.

Balance Goals

• Goals should be set to maintain quality time for all critical areas of your life.

• Lifestyle/relationship management is an essential component of planning for peak performanc

A recommended guideline is as follows:

• school and golf -65%

relationship-5%

personal-10%

family-10%

friends-10%

Goal Vectors

• Imagine your goal as a "vector."

• Now is the starting point.

• Your ultimate goal is at the end of the vector.

What steps do you have to take?

Breakup the steps on the vector

Turn each step into a SMARTER goal.

As you reach each step, desire increases, and the ultimate goal becomes close.

Provincial-level player

(The Power of Formal Goal Setting, n.d.)

GOAL SETTING EXAMPLE

Goal #1-Swing technique

The correct firm grip improves posture and reduces the slice to a controlled fade shot.

Work with coach and video for feedback

• Correct techniques by March 30

Goal #2-Short game

Shape putting arc correctly, install three distinct ship shots and three-pitch shots and install two comfortable sand techniques

Use a short game test as a benchmark to achieve an hicap of 7

Install shots by April 31

Goal #3

Review the schedule of OOM events and enter

Place top 30% in each event

Goal #4

Stroke average of competitive rounds Use the stats program to record. Achieve average by August 31

Goal #5-Win City Championship Win championship division Tournament in July Reward: exempted status for provincials

Goal #6-Top 3 at Provincials Tournament in July Reward: provincial team to nationals

Goals #7- Top 5 at Nationals

RCGA National AM Championships

Tournament in August Top COM points available

The ultimate goal-National Team