Cellular Biology, Injury, Adaptations, & Maladaptive Changes

cell membrane

• heads are hydrophilic; tails are hydrophobic

• phospholipid bilayer

• cholesterol in cell membrane adds rigidity

• integral proteins are integrated into membrane—tightly control what can go in & out of the cell

• surface protein outside of membrane; peripheral inside

• ion channels help us maintain resting membrane potential

movement across cell membrane

• diffusion: movement of particles; high to low (no energy)

• osmosis: movement of water; low to high (no energy)

• facilitated transport does not require energy

• active transport uses energy & moves things against concentration

epithelial tissue have to connect to basement membrane b/c they have no other way of getting blood (avascular)

metaplasia need adult, fully differentiated cell to work

metaplastic often called pre-cancerous & so is dysplastic

neoplastic cells are cancerous cells

oncogenes: any genes that can promote the progression of cancer

hemoptysis: coughing up blood