Reading Prose & Poetry Review (FAST Test Prep)

Slide 1

Compare

  • To examine how two things are alike.
  • Example: Comparing apples and oranges shows both are fruits but differ in taste.

Practice Questions:

  1. What does it mean to compare two texts?
  2. Can you name two things that can be compared?
  3. When you compare, what are you looking for?

Slide 2

Contrast

  • To examine how two things are different.
  • Example: The themes in tragedy and comedy contrast with each other.

Practice Questions:

  1. What is the difference between comparing and contrasting?
  2. Can you list two characters that contrast in a story?
  3. Why is it important to contrast in literature?

Slide 3

Implies

  • To suggest something without saying it directly.
  • Example: A frown implies someone is unhappy.

Practice Questions:

  1. When an author implies something, what are they doing?
  2. Can you give an example of a situation where a tone implies an emotion?
  3. How might an implied message change a reader's understanding?

Slide 4

Reveal

  • To make something known that was hidden or secret.
  • Example: The ending of a mystery novel reveals the identity of the culprit.

Practice Questions:

  1. What does it mean to reveal information in a story?
  2. Can you think of a moment in your favorite book that reveals a secret?
  3. Why might an author want to reveal plot twists?

Slide 5

Demonstrates

  • To show how something is done or explain an idea.
  • Example: The experiment demonstrates the principle of gravity.

Practice Questions:

  1. How might a character in a story demonstrate bravery?
  2. Can you name a book where a character demonstrates change?
  3. What does it mean to demonstrate a theme?

Slide 6

Prove

  • To show something is true or valid with evidence.
  • Example: An experiment may prove a scientific hypothesis.

Practice Questions:

  1. What is the importance of proving a point in an argument?
  2. Can you think of a character that proves their loyalty?
  3. What evidence might prove a central idea?

Slide 7

Speaker

  • The voice that tells a story or poem.
  • Example: In a poem, the speaker might share feelings about nature.

Practice Questions:

  1. Who is the speaker in your favorite poem, and what is their emotion?
  2. How might recognizing the speaker change your understanding of a text?
  3. What is the role of a speaker in storytelling?

Slide 8

Narrator

  • The person or character who narrates the story.
  • Example: In 'Harry Potter,' the narrator is a third-person voice telling Harry's adventures.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does the narrator's point of view affect a story?
  2. Can you identify the narrator in a book you recently read?
  3. What makes a narrator reliable?

Slide 9

Structure

  • The way a text is organized.
  • Example: A story structure often includes a beginning, middle, and end.

Practice Questions:

  1. What types of structures can you identify in poetry versus prose?
  2. Why is the structure important for understanding a text's message?
  3. How might changing the structure change a story?

Slide 10

Develop

  • To grow or expand in a particular theme or concept.
  • Example: The plot develops as characters face challenges.

Practice Questions:

  1. How do characters develop throughout a story?
  2. Can you name a theme that develops in a book you read?
  3. What part of a story do you think is most important for its development?

Slide 11

Effect

  • The result or outcome of a cause.
  • Example: The effect of rising actions leads to the climax in a story.

Practice Questions:

  1. How can you identify the effect of a character's actions?
  2. Can you think of a story where the effect was surprising?
  3. What kind of effects do different literary elements have?

Slide 12

Contribute

  • To add to something or help make it better.
  • Example: Each character's actions contribute to the story's outcome.

Practice Questions:

  1. In what ways can minor characters contribute to a story?
  2. Why is it important for every part of the story to contribute to the whole?
  3. How can contributions of settings change a narrative?

Slide 13

Shift

  • To change from one place to another.
  • Example: A shift in tone can change the reader's perspective.

Practice Questions:

  1. What might cause a shift in a story's direction?
  2. How does a sudden shift affect your understanding of characters?
  3. Can you identify a shift in a poem and its impact?

Slide 14

Unreliable Narrator

  • A narrator whose credibility is compromised.
  • Example: A character who lies often creates an unreliable narration.

Practice Questions:

  1. What are some signs of an unreliable narrator?
  2. How can an unreliable narrator enhance the story's intrigue?
  3. Can you name a book with an unreliable narrator?

Slide 15

Claim

  • A statement or assertion that can be argued.
  • Example: The author claims that perseverance leads to success.

Practice Questions:

  1. What makes a strong claim in a story or argument?
  2. How can claims drive the plot in literature?
  3. Can you provide a claim from an article you read recently?

Slide 16

Evidence

  • Facts or information that supports a claim.
  • Example: The evidence presented includes statistics and expert opinions.

Practice Questions:

  1. Why is evidence important in a text?
  2. Can you list types of evidence used in literary arguments?
  3. How does evidence change your perspective on a claim?

Slide 17

Text Structure

  • The organization of a text.
  • Example: Comic strips use a unique structure with panels and dialogue.

Practice Questions:

  1. What are some common text structures?
  2. How does text structure affect comprehension?
  3. Can you describe a story's structure and its effectiveness?

Slide 18

Ethos, Logos, Pathos

  • Ethos: Ethical appeal based on credibility.
  • Logos: Logical appeal based on reasoning.
  • Pathos: Emotional appeal to persuade.
  • Example: An ad may use all three to convince the audience.

Practice Questions:

  1. Can you identify examples of ethos, logos, and pathos in media?
  2. Why is it important to balance these appeals?
  3. How does each appeal affect the reader differently?

Slide 19

Logical Fallacies

  • Flaws in reasoning that undermine an argument.
  • Example: A hasty generalization may lead to incorrect conclusions.

Practice Questions:

  1. What is a bandwagon fallacy?
  2. How can recognizing fallacies improve critical thinking?
  3. Can you give an example of a slippery slope argument?

Slide 20

Inference

  • A conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning.
  • Example: The reader infers the character's feelings based on their actions.

Practice Questions:

  1. How do you make inferences while reading?
  2. Can you infer a character's motivations from their dialogue?
  3. What clues help you make inferences in poetry?

Slide 21

Central Idea

  • The main point or takeaway of a text.
  • Example: The central idea of a story about friendship might be loyalty.

Practice Questions:

  1. How can you identify the central idea of a passage?
  2. Why is it important to understand the central idea?
  3. Can you summarize the central idea of a book you read?

Slide 22

Context

  • The circumstances surrounding a text that influence its meaning.
  • Example: History provides context for understanding a classic novel.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does context shape a reader's understanding?
  2. Can you give an example of context in a famous poem?
  3. Why is it important to consider context when analyzing literature?

Slide 23

Paraphrase

  • To restate text or speech in your own words.
  • Example: Paraphrasing a paragraph makes ideas clearer.

Practice Questions:

  1. Why might someone need to paraphrase?
  2. What is the difference between paraphrasing and summarizing?
  3. Can you paraphrase a sentence from your favorite book?

Slide 24

Diction

  • The choice of words used by an author.
  • Example: Poets may use elegant diction to create imagery.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does diction affect the tone of a piece?
  2. Can you give an example of strong diction from a story?
  3. What types of diction can create a formal or informal tone?

Slide 25

Syntax

  • The arrangement of words in sentences.
  • Example: Varying syntax can create rhythm in poetry.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does syntax influence the flow of a text?
  2. Can you identify a unique syntax in a book you like?
  3. Why is syntax important for an author’s style?

Slide 26

Genre

  • A category of literature (e.g., fiction, non-fiction, poetry).
  • Example: Science fiction explores futuristic concepts.

Practice Questions:

  1. What is your favorite genre, and why?
  2. How do different genres affect the storytelling style?
  3. Can you think of a book that blends multiple genres?

Slide 27

Stanza

  • A group of lines in a poem.
  • Example: Each stanza in a ballad tells part of a story.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does the number of stanzas affect a poem's length?
  2. Can you identify a stanza in a poem you like?
  3. What role do stanzas play in conveying the poem's message?

Slide 28

Tone

  • The author's attitude toward the subject.
  • Example: A serious tone can create a somber atmosphere.

Practice Questions:

  1. How can you identify the tone of a poem?
  2. Can you describe the tone of a story you recently read?
  3. Why is tone important in understanding themes?

Slide 29

Mood

  • The feeling a piece of literature evokes in the reader.
  • Example: A joyful mood might be created by cheerful imagery.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does mood differ from tone?
  2. Can you think of a literary work that creates a suspenseful mood?
  3. How does mood impact your experience as a reader?

Slide 30

Theme

  • The underlying message or lesson in a text.
  • Example: The theme of love is often explored in romantic poetry.

Practice Questions:

  1. How can you identify the theme of a story?
  2. Can themes change with different readings of a text?
  3. What themes have you noticed in the books you have read?

Slide 31

Metaphor

  • A figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as.'
  • Example: Time is a thief.

Practice Questions:

  1. How do metaphors enhance a narrative?
  2. Can you create your own metaphor?
  3. What is a metaphor from a poem you enjoy?

Slide 32

Figurative Language

  • Descriptive language that creates imagery and evokes feelings.
  • Example: Similes, metaphors, and personification are types of figurative language.

Practice Questions:

  1. Why would an author use figurative language?
  2. Can you identify figurative language in any of your favorite songs?
  3. How does figurative language impact a reader's interpretation?

Slide 33

Imagery

  • Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.
  • Example: The golden sun sank slowly behind the dark mountains.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does imagery create a clearer picture in your mind?
  2. Can you find imagery in a poem and describe its effect?
  3. Why is imagery effective in poetry?

Slide 34

Alliteration

  • The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence.
  • Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Practice Questions:

  1. Can you create your own alliteration?
  2. Where have you seen alliteration used in literature?
  3. How does alliteration affect the rhythm of a poem?

Slide 35

Point of View

  • The perspective from which a story is told.
  • Example: First-person point of view uses 'I' and 'we.'

Practice Questions:

  1. What are the different points of view in literature?
  2. How does point of view affect your understanding of a character?
  3. Can you identify first-person and third-person points of view?

Slide 36

Free Verse

  • Poetry that does not follow specific rules of rhyme or meter.
  • Example: Many modern poems use free verse for freedom of expression.

Practice Questions:

  1. How does free verse differ from traditional poetry?
  2. Can you find examples of free verse in contemporary poetry?
  3. Why might poets choose to write in free verse?

Slide 37

Sonnet

  • A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and meter.
  • Example: Shakespeare wrote many sonnets with themes of love.

Practice Questions:

  1. What are the key features of a sonnet?
  2. Can you name a famous sonnet and its author?
  3. Why do you think sonnets are a popular form of poetry?

Slide 38

Review Passage

"The forest was alive with sounds: chirping birds, rustling leaves, and the occasional snap of a twig. The trees towered majestically, their branches swaying gently in the wind, as if dancing to a tune only they could hear."

Questions:

  • What is the central idea of this passage?
  • How can you compare the tone of this passage to a different text you’ve read?
  • What feelings does this passage evoke? What type of mood does it create?

Slide 39

Review Poem

"In the quiet night, the stars sparkled bright,
Whispers of dreams took flight,
Each twinkle a promise, a story untold,
In the embrace of darkness, mysteries unfold."

Questions:

  • What is the central idea of this poem?
  • How do the mood and tone change throughout the poem?
  • Where can you identify figurative language in the poem?