chapter 16-17

Becoming an Industrial World Power Study Guide

Chapter 16-17

16.1

Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty

Provided for a Comanche reservation (They didn’t understand the treaty)

Also gave them the right to hunt on open plains below the Arkansas River in Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

The Comanche continued to take horses and cattle, which led to conflict with the US Army after the Civil War

Forced Native Americans to live on reservations

Bosque Redondo

Apache tribes in central New Mexico

Was a complete failure (too many were sent to this reservation)

Not enough farmland (tribes didn’t get along)

Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce

Resisted orders from the US Army

Tried to lead the Nez Perce tribe to Canada to escape the US

The Nez Perce was a deeply divided tribe

Forced off their land and killed because of the gold found in California

Why does the reservation system not work and lead to conflict?

Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty

Bosque Redondo

Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce

Battle of the Little Bighorn

General George Custer led troops against a larger Indian force. Custer’s 264 men encountered an Indian force of 1000 led by Sitting Bull and crazy horse

Custer and his army killed

Wounded Knee

The US Army opened fire and killed Native Americans (including children and women)

The Battle of Wounded Knee is controversial regarding what really happened, but the US Army was wrong and used the Medal of Honor to keep soldiers quiet (ended armed Native resistance)

Ghost Dance

A dance you do when you try to get back to your old way of life

Some did it when they were about to die in Native American Tradition

A man did this during a standoff, which led to the battle of Wounded Knee

Homestead Act

Passed in 1862

Provided 160 acres of land free to anyone who would live and farm the land for 5 years, then the land becomes yours

Some land was bad

Native Americans lost land and hunting ground

Grants Peace Policy

A new effort to end the Plains Indian wars by creating a series of reservations on which tribes could maintain their traditional ways

The US army ignored it, and it wasn’t enforced

Dawes Act

(1887) attempts to turn Indians into farmers and landowners

Native American schools

Make them white and give up their culture and religion

Plains Indian Wars

The Indian battles(all of the ones above)

The government sided with white Americans

Native Americans kept getting their land taken from them

16.2

Transcontinental Railroad (impact)

Allowed train travel all across the United States (Irish and Chinese workers)

Linked communities all over the United States

Time zones were created

Native Americans lost land and food

Brought wealth into the US, benefits US business because of new cities being built

16.3

Transformation of the West

Gold and big business transformed the West

Desire for Natural resources

Cattle Drives

Cowboys bringing cattle to trains for money?

Shipping cows to the big city (Northern) to provide meat

Connecting cattle in Kansas to the eastern cities for beef (a lot of cows were taken)

Latino Resistance

Originates from long-time Hispanic Latino residents who had owned land

Property disputes

Lose land to Americans, even though they owned the land before it became America

Try to gain land back through politics, or just use guns

17.1

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the telephone

Replaced the telegraph

Thomas Edison

“The Wizard of Menlo Park”

Invented the light bulb, phonograph, battery for an electric car, and motion picture camera

Lit the big cities, starting the spread of electricity

Henry Ford

Invented automated automobiles (cars)

Utilized and invented the assembly line

A cheaper and more efficient way to produce cars

BRAVE NEW WORLD!!!!!

17.2

Gilded Age: what it means and why it's called the Gilded Age?

Coating items in gold

Excess of wealth for a few, poverty for others

Worship of wealth

Road to the Great Depression because of unbalanced economy

Panic of 1873

Causes: Jay Cooke (U.S. banker who went bankrupt)

One of the big business tycoons went bankrupt, showed economic divide in the US

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Net worth of $207 Billion

Train dude (Railroad Empire)

Look for ways to increase their income

John D. Rockefeller

Net worth of $253-340 Billion

Look for ways to increase their income

Oil company

Andrew Carnegie

Net worth of $101-310 Billion

Look for ways to increase their income

Steel

Horizontal Integration

Buying up the competition or combining with the competition to get rid of competitors

Vertical Integration

Buy out the steps in the process of production(cuts out rental fees)

Taking over the people supplying

Why did the Sherman Antitrust Act not work? (a law saying you can’t have monopolies)

The act did not clearly define a trust (monopoly) in legal terms, so it was hard to enforce

17.3

Middle Class

Starts to develop its own culture (get new products that they can buy to make their lives easier)

Have access to wealth

Having your own home (move out of the city to the suburbs)

Take management jobs (businesses target them)

As the middle class gets bigger, political parties start to form and focus on this class

Dwight L. Moody (example of reform)

Founded Moody Bible Institute in Chicago

Lived on a farm!!!

Focused on social service missions - Christians help those who are hurting

Presented himself as a businessman(society idolized them at the time)

17.4

Pogroms

Mob attacks against Jewish people in Europe

Chinese Exclusion Act

Chinese were banned from entering the country

Limited civil rights of the Chinese in the US

Americanization

Process of teaching American values and culture to immigrants

Obstacles: couldn’t speak the language, often poor (moved to cities)

“Make 'em white.”

Melting Pot

Means that the immigrants and everyone who enters America are mixed together and unified

The goal of America is to unify everyone under American values

Sweatshops

Horrible and usually dangerous environment for workers (children, women, immigrants, etc.), not paid well at all

owned by big businesses for cheap labor to make more money

Push and Pull factors (for entering America)

Push: economic troubles, overcrowding, no jobs, no land, persecution, war

Pull: jobs, affordable land, safety, political security