Objective 1: Define Articulation

 ______________________________ refers to the connection between two bones that forms a joint. It allows for varying degrees of movement and provides stability to the skeletal system.

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Objective 2: Connection Between Structure and Function of a Joint

 _______________ are classified based on their structure (types of connective tissues) and function (degree of mobility).

 _______________ : Determines the stability and range of motion.

 Example: A fibrous joint like a suture has limited movement but provides strength.

 Function: Defines how much _______________ is possible.

 Example: Synovial joints (e.g., knee) allow a wide range of motion compared to cartilaginous joints (e.g., symphysis).

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Objective 3: Classification of Joints

A. Structural Classification

1. Fibrous Joints:

 Suture: _______________, found in the skull.

 Syndesmosis: Slightly _______________, connected by _______________(e.g., between the radius and ulna).

 Gomphosis: Immovable, _______________joints (e.g., teeth in sockets).

2. Cartilaginous Joints:

 Synchondrosis: _______________, connected by _____________________________________________ (e.g., rib to sternum).

 Symphysis: Slightly movable, connected by ______________________________ (e.g., pubic symphysis).

3. Synovial Joints: _______________ movable joints characterized by a _______________ _______________ (e.g., shoulder, knee).

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B. Functional Classification

1. Synarthrosis: _______________ joints.

 Examples:

 Suture (_______________)

 Gomphosis (_______________)

 Synchondrosis (_______________)

2. Amphiarthrosis: _____________________________________________ joints.

 Examples:

 Syndesmosis (_______________)

 Symphysis (______________________________)

3. Diarthrosis: ______________________________ joints.

 Types:

 _______________: Flexion and extension (e.g., elbow).

 _______________: Rotation (e.g., atlantoaxial joint).

 _______________(Ellipsoidal): Biaxial movement (e.g., wrist).

 _______________: Sliding movement (e.g., intercarpal joints).

 _______________: Biaxial movement (e.g., thumb).

 ______________________________: Multiaxial movement (e.g., shoulder, hip).

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Objective 4: Labeling Synovial and Knee Joints

Synovial Joint Components

 Articular Cartilage: _______________tissue covering the _______________of bones.

 Synovial Membrane: Lines the ______________________________ and secretes ______________________________

 Articular Capsule: ______________________________ (outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane).

 Joint Cavity: Space filled with ______________________________.

 Bursa: Fluid filled _______________ that reduces ______________________________.

Knee Joint Components

 Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments (ACL/PCL): Stabilize the _______________.

 Lateral and Medial Meniscus: Cartilage that _______________ and _______________.

 Tibial (_______________) Collateral Ligament: Provides _______________ stability.

 Fibular (_______________) Collateral Ligament: Provides _______________ stability.

 Patellar Ligament: Connects _______________ to tibia.

 Tendon of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle: _______________ the knee.

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Objective 5: Appropriate Terminology for Joint Actions

 Accurately describe actions such as:

 Flexion: _______________ the angle between bones (e.g., bending the elbow).

 Extension: _______________ the angle between bones (e.g., straightening the elbow).

 Abduction: Moving a limb _______________ from the midline (e.g., lifting the arm).

 Adduction: Moving a limb _______________ the midline (e.g., lowering the arm).

 Rotation: ____________________________________________________________ (e.g., turning the head).

 Circumduction: _______________ movement combining ___________________________________________________________________________(e.g., arm circles).

 Elevation/Depression: Moving structures _____________________________________________ (e.g., shoulder shrug).

 Pronation/Supination: Rotating the _______________ to turn the palm ______________________________.

 Inversion/Eversion: Turning the _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Objective 6: Differentiation of Movements at a Synovial Joint

 ______________________________: Decreases joint angle.

 ______________________________: Increases joint angle.

 Hyperextension: Extension _______________ the normal range.

 ______________________________: Moves away from the body's midline.

 ______________________________: Moves towards the body's midline.

 Rotation: Movement around a _______________ axis.

 ______________________________: Circular movement at a joint.

 ______________________________: Lifting a body part.

 ______________________________: Lowering a body part.

 ______________________________: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces down.

 ______________________________: Rotating the forearm so the palm faces up.

 ______________________________: Turning the foot inward.

 ______________________________: Turning the foot outward.