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Integumentary and Endocrine System Study Notes

Blood Sugar Assessment

  • Blood Sugar Test Purpose: To assess the function of the Pancreas.

Furuncles

  • Definition: Furuncles are commonly known as boils. They can have various causes, with injury listed as a potential cause.
  • Common Causes Excluded: Injury.

Hormonal Functions

  • When blood sugar levels fall too low, the hormone glucagon is released, causing the liver to release stored glycogen into the blood.
  • Asymmetrical Melanoma: May exhibit shades of red, white, or blue.

Aging Effects on Skin

  • As people age, elastic fibers shrink and collagen degenerates.

Verrucae (Warts)

  • If a patient has verrucae, they have: Warts.

Melanoma Signs

  • An easy reference to remember the signs of melanoma is the ABCDE rules:
    • A: Asymmetry
    • B: Border irregularity
    • C: Color
      o - D: Diameter
    • E: Evolving

Herpes Simplex I

  • Association: Most often associated with lesions in the oral and nasal areas.

Thread Lift Effects

  • The effects of a thread lift are anticipated to last about 5 years.

Carbuncles

  • Definition: Carbuncles are collections of infected hair follicles.
  • Treatment: Treated with systemic antibiotics.

Scabies

  • Causative Agent: Caused by the itch mite.

Skin Weight

  • The skin accounts for approximately 15 percent of total body weight.

Chicken Pox Lesions

  • Description: The lesions caused by chicken pox are known as vesicles.

Excoriation

  • A scrape or burn is an example of an excoriation.

Oil Glands

  • Location: Oil glands are located in or near hair follicles over the entire skin surface, except for the palms and soles of the feet.

Vitamin Absorption

  • Vitamin E: Lipid-soluble and can pass through the skin.
  • Chemical Peels: A medium chemical peel affects surface and some underlying cells.

Inflammation

  • The acute diffuse or spreading inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is known as cellulitis.
  • Acne Vulgaris Treatments: Which of the following is not a common treatment for acne vulgaris? Change in diet.

Hormonal Conditions

  • Acromegaly: Condition characterized by the overgrowth of cartilaginous and connective tissue.
  • Iodine Deficiency: Lack of iodine causes the thyroid gland to enlarge.
  • Myxedema: An endocrine condition associated with too little thyroid hormone.

Thyroid Gland Location

  • The thyroid gland is located in the larynx.
  • Tetany Treatment: Treated by the addition of calcium.

Male Sexual Characteristics

  • The hormone responsible for developing primary male sexual characteristics is testosterone.

Calcium Regulation

  • Parathormone: Regulates the exchange of calcium between bones and blood and increases blood calcium levels.

Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test

  • This test assesses the function of the thyroid gland.

Pituitary Gland Attachment

  • The pituitary gland is attached to the brain.

Insulin Regulation

  • The principal hormone of the adrenal medulla is adrenaline.
  • Diabetes: Insulin deficiency and destruction of insulin-producing cells occur in diabetes.
  • Factors influencing insulin requirements for diabetic patients:
    • Conditions: Do not influence the amount of insulin needed.

Breast Development and Milk Secretion

  • The hormone responsible for developing breast tissue and stimulating the secretion of milk from mammary glands is prolactin.

Islets of Langerhans

  • The majority of the islets of Langerhans cells are beta cells.

Adrenal Insufficiency

  • The most common cause of adrenal insufficiency is autoimmune destruction of the cells producing the hormone.

Hyperthyroidism Symptoms

  • Patients with hyperthyroidism commonly experience irritability.

Gonadotropic Hormones

  • Examples include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Hormones in Childbirth

  • The hormone that stimulates contractions during childbirth is oxytocin.

Malignant Melanoma

  • An accurate statement regarding malignant melanoma: All of the responses are correct.

Lyme Disease

  • Carried by which insect? Tick.
  • Recommended disposal method for the insect causing Lyme disease: Dropping it in 70 percent alcohol or diluted bleach.

Wrinkle Treatments

  • Dermabrasion: Involves controlled scraping of the top layers of skin.

Physiologic Nonscarring Alopecia

  • Typically occurs in females after childbirth.

Rosacea

  • Affects which part of the body? Face.

Skin Functions

  • Which of the following is not one of the five important functions of the skin? Ingestion.

Eczema

  • Characterized by scaly skin.