bumass cafs

Nuclear	Two parents (mother and father) and their biological or adopted children living together in one household.
Blended	Formed when two separate families join through remarriage or repartnering, often including children from previous relationships.
Sole parent	One parent living with and caring for their child(ren), due to divorce, separation, death or by choice.
Extended	A nuclear family plus other relatives (grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins) living in the same household or maintaining close, regular contact and support.
Adoptive	The legal process where all legal rights and responsibilities are permanently transferred from birth parents to adoptive parents (intercountry, local, or known adoption).
Foster	Non-biological children placed with individuals or families for an unspecified length of time (short or long term); legal rights usually remain with the birth parents or the state.
Childless	A married or de facto couple with no children, by choice or circumstance.
Communal	A group of families or individuals, related or unrelated, living together and sharing resources, responsibilities and living space.
De facto	A couple of the same or opposite sex living together in the same household for at least 12 months, in a marriage-like relationship, without being legally married.
Same-sex couple	Two people of the same sex in a committed relationship, who may or may not have children through adoption, surrogacy, IVF or previous relationships.
Kinship	A care arrangement common in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, where the wider family/community network shares responsibility for raising a child, rather than it resting with one set of parents.

Satisfying Specific Needs (SHESEA)

Need	Description
Safety and Security	A secure place to call home, financial stability, emotional security and a stable household.
Health	Physical and mental health needs, including nutrition, medical care and healthy routines.
Education	Access to schooling and learning opportunities appropriate to each life stage.
Sense of Identity	Feeling a sense of belonging, self-concept and connection to culture/family.
Employment	Access to work or, for children, access to carers so parents can maintain employment.
Adequate Standard of Living	Suitable food, clothing, housing and living conditions.

Nature of change

Type	Definition	Examples in families	Examples in communities
Internal	Change that occurs within a group, usually involving a change in family structure; family members generally have some control.	Marriage, divorce, birth of a child, adoption, change of address, death in the family, change in family dynamic/decision-making.	Similar internal changes as families (e.g. changes in group membership or leadership).
External	Change in the wider community that impacts family functioning; family members do not control the change.	Economic change (unemployment), legal change (Family Law Act, maternity leave), social change (delayed marriage, acceptance of same-sex relationships), technological change, demographic change (increased life expectancy), environmental change (floods, global warming).	The same wider economic, legal, social, technological and environmental forces affecting families also affect communities.
Planned	Change that occurs with prior knowledge; decisions have already been made to bring it about.	Retirement, marriage, elderly parents moving in, a child leaving home for university, repartnering.	Demographic studies predicting population growth/decline, which shape planning for services (e.g. medical facilities, leisure centres).
Unplanned	Unexpected change; families/communities cannot prepare for it in advance and the impact is often severe.	Death of a spouse, illness or injury, homelessness, unplanned pregnancy, unemployment.	Natural disasters (flood, fire, drought) or unnatural disasters (war, food contamination).
Temporary	Change that occurs for a limited time; functioning returns to normal once it is over.	A treatable illness, a young adult moving back home to save money, a student going on exchange.	Seasonal unemployment, road detours due to construction.
Permanent	Change that lasts forever; its impact reduces over time as people adapt to the new way of life.	Divorce, death, becoming a parent, serious/permanent injury.	Growth of a new industry (e.g. mining, agriculture), a new permanent community service.

The Components of SPEECS

Social: Interactions and relationships with other people.
Physical: Bodily health, fitness, and nutrition.
Emotional: Feelings, self-worth, and mental stability.
Economic: Wealth, income, and financial security.
Cultural: Connection to heritage, customs, and community traditions.
Spiritual: Moral values, a sense of purpose, and inner peace.