a) Specific

a) specific heat capacity of a substance; the equation E = mcΔθ

c) specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporisation; E = ml

specific heat capacity = the energy required to change the temperature of one unit of mass by 1K

E = mcΔθ

• energy supplied (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (Jkg^-1K^-1) x change in temperature (K)

specific latent heat = the energy required to change the state of one unit of mass while the temperature remains constant

• of fusion = between solid and liquid

• of vaporisation = between liquid and gas

E = ml

• energy supplied (J) = mass (kg) x specific latent heat (Jkg^-1)

the specific latent heat of vaporisation is usually larger than the specific latent heat of fusion

• there is a larger difference in internal energy between a liquid and a gas than a solid and a liquid