3rd function
3rd Function: To Entertain, Honor, or Praise, and so on
Refers to some other purposes of communication, specifically those that mark the day-to-day life-high points that stand out above the ordinary routine. Christenings, weddings, funerals, graduations, award ceremonies, inaugurals, retirement dinners-all these are occasions, and they are very special to the people who take part in them.
1. Purpose. The primary purpose of persuasive speech is to change behaviors or beliefs. These purposes are just secondary to that of a special-occasion presentation whose primary purpose is to perform a ritual-a ceremonial act that is characterized by qualities or procedures that are appropriate to the occasion.
2. Style. Special-occasion speeches use highly stylistic or ornamental language.
3. Organization. Ornamental styling may suggest more subtle and creative ways, and they are relatively short.
4. Formality. Refers more to the degree of professionalism used by the speaker to share his ideas with his listeners.
GENERAL TYPES SPECIAL OCCASION SPEECHES
COURTESY SPEECHES:
Speech Of Introduction - This speech is designed to tell us about the person being introduced and to help establish his ethos– includes credentials and/or goodwill.
Speech Of Presentation - This speech is used when a person is publicly presented with a gift or an award. It is usually brief, and the length depends on the formality of the occasion.
Speech Of Acceptance - This speech is delivered by individuals who have been recognized, honored, or awarded.
CEREMONIAL SPEECHES:
Addresses known as ceremonial speeches are usually part of a formal activity. They help bring the audience to the past, present, and future together.
Commencement Address - Also known as a graduation speech. A speaker in a graduation both acknowledges the importance of the ceremony and honors the graduates.
Commemorative Speech - This is a speech of praise or celebration. (Tributes, Dedication, and Eulogies)
The fundamental purpose of this speech is not to inform the listeners but to inspire them to assure and heighten their appreciation of or admiration for the person, institution, or idea that is being praised.
Tributes - highlight and reinforce cultural beliefs, values, and behaviors. A tribute praises the qualities of a person, thing, idea, organization, event, or group.
Eulogies - A eulogy is generally thought of as a speech given to praise or honor someone who has died.
CONTEST SPEECHES:
Original Oratory - the speaker is allowed to choose his topic and write his own speech about it. The speech, which needs careful and complete preparation, is memorized and limited to a ten-minute delivery.
Extemporaneous Speaking - participants are required to choose one topic from several given topics and prepare a five to seven-minute speech on the topic. The topic options are usually based on current issues and are presented in question form.
Dramatic And Humorous Interpretation - It is a competitive interpretation event where participants are permitted to choose the materials they want to perform in terms of not only his personality but also his ability as a performer.
TYPES OF SPEECHES BASED ON DELIVERY
Impromptu Speech - This is a speech that has no earlier planning or practice.
Ex: Classroom discussion when the professor asks you to answer a question or comment on an issue
Advantages:
1. It gives you an opportunity to present your ideas, make appeals, or disseminate information at a time most needed by the listeners, which may have some value and impact.
2. chance to improve your image in the minds of the audience.
3. It allows for spontaneity, which requires minimal planning and practice.
Disadvantages:
1. It often results in poor performance; it is very likely that you are going to ramble, wander, and waste not only your time but also that of the audience.
2. It makes you nervous; although you realize the situation may not come up often, you are still worried about not being able to do a good job.
Extemporaneous Speech - It is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.
Advantages:
1. more precise control over thought and language.
2. greater spontaneity and directness.
3. adaptable to a wide range of situations.
Disadvantages:
1. Too much preparation is involved.
2. A potential for miscommunication because of unpredictable spontaneous word choices.
Manuscript (Or Read) Speech - This written out speech is read in its entirety when delivered.
1. Ceremonial speeches, such as eulogies, tributes, and awards
2. Political speeches
3. Radio and TV speeches
4. Presentation of a policy
Advantages:
1. Generally, the complete manuscript prevents slip of the tongue, poor wording, and distortion of ideas.
2. often boosts your confidence as presenter because you are assured of the security of a manuscript.
Disadvantages:
1. Manuscripts frequently reduce eye contact because you are more focused on reading rather than observing the audience.
2. hinders audience adaptation. As you read, you usually fail to watch the audience; this makes it quite difficult for you to observe audience feedback, so you fail to give them the required suitable response.
3. Reading limits your use of gestures to emphasize or illustrate points.
Memorized Speech - It is a speech that you as a speaker needs to deliver by rote. Memorization can be useful when the message has to be exact to avoid any misunderstanding, and when the speaker does not want to be confined by notes.
1. Oratorical competitions
2. Presentation of high-level awards
3. Welcoming very important dignitaries
4. Political speeches
5. Banquet speeches
Advantages:
1. permits maximum use of your delivery skills; every variation in the voice can be mastered, every oral paragraph stated in correct cadence, and every word correctly pronounced at the right volume.
2. You can have continuous eye contact.
3. Bodily movements and gestures are free.
Disadvantages:
1. permits little or no adaptation during delivery. You are likely to focus more on the internalized (or memorized) manuscript than on the listeners. If the audience appears to have missed a point, you have difficulty in explaining the point in greater detail.
2. Recovery is more difficult if you make a mistake. If you forget a line, you have to search for the exact place where you dropped your line.
3. For beginning speakers, the presentation sounds memorized; the wording is too smooth, the pacing too contrived and the presentation is too much of a performance instead of a communicative experience.