China Test

  • Proletariat – Working class in Marxist theory

  • Bourgeois – Middle/upper class; owners of production

  • Vladimir Lenin – Leader of Russian Bolsheviks; adapted Marxism to Russia

  • The Communist Manifesto – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ book outlining Communist theory

  • Nationalized – Government takeover of private property or businesses

  • Bolsheviks – Radical socialist group led by Lenin; seized power in Russia

  • Mao Zedong – Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); led China from 1949 until death in 1976

  • CCP – Chinese Communist Party

  • Nationalist People’s Party (Guomindang) – Party founded by Sun Yat-sen; led by Chiang after Sun’s death

  • Sun Yat-sen – Founder of modern China; 3 Principles: Nationalism, Democracy, Livelihood

  • Northern Expedition – Military campaign to unify China under Nationalists

  • Chiang Kai-shek – Leader of Nationalists after Sun; fought CCP; fled to Taiwan in 1949

  • May Fourth Movement – 1919 nationalist movement by Chinese students protesting foreign domination

  • Indoctrinated – Brainwashing or heavily influencing someone's beliefs

  • Revisionist – Someone who changes or challenges orthodox ideas (especially Marxist communism)

  • Peasant – Poor farmer; key support base for Mao

  • National bourgeoisie – Chinese business owners, seen as "national capitalists" by Mao (pg 39)

  • Land-to-the-tiller policy – Land reform giving land to those who farm it (pg 39)

  • Hundred Flowers – Mao's campaign encouraging (then punishing) free speech (pg 40)

  • Great Leap Forward (GLF) – Mao’s disastrous plan to industrialize through backyard furnaces (pg 40)

  • Backyard furnaces – Small furnaces used by peasants to make steel; part of GLF (pg 40)

  • People’s communes – Large collective farms during GLF (pg 40)

  • Red Guards – Youth groups loyal to Mao during Cultural Revolution (pg 42)

  • Little Red Book – Collection of Mao's quotations (pg 43)

  • Cultural Revolution – Mao’s movement to reassert control & eliminate opposition (pg 43)

  • Gang of Four – Group (including Jiang Qing) blamed for Cultural Revolution's failures (pg 43)

  • Jiang Qing – Mao’s wife; prominent figure in Cultural Revolution (pg 43)

  • Deng’s Four Modernizations – Economic goals: agriculture, industry, defense, science/tech (pg 43)

  • Fifth modernization – Call for democracy added to Deng’s Four (pg 44)